52 £5 o- s: 2 I Hincho tiempo ([no conozco los nobles sentimientos y los impor- tantes servicios de IT. y por esto no trepide en dirigirme a TT. y pedirle continuara coumigo la correspondencia qtiu sostenía oon nuestro "ilustre ó inolvidable amigo. J.a pérdida inmensa o irreparable qué ha osando ¡í este país y :í lu America entera, la muerte inesperada del General Plores, lin - ce, ciertamente, necesario que, lejos .v patria ! * La mejor prueba /"*, fondeado en la boca Je Janibelí; y que falleció tí bordo del &nH>y/\- en la travesía >lo Jambeli á Paná, al cual se trasbordó para regresa] a ota car-;. • _L. Poi otra paite ¿porqué ocultaríamos qne había muerto como valiente en el campo del combate? ¿Que muerte podría sor mas gloriosa para un militar? El señor *** le referirá la ocurrencia do los tubos «le fierro s que no hemos dejado desembarcar ú pesar de la oondueta desleal del Gobierno peruano: «j este ba hecho lo posible para hacer- nos aliados de la España, siquiera para vengarnos, y nosotros por honor propio y bien t>r UN pim:i¡lo hermano, hemos hecho respe- tar nuestra neutralidad. Dispuesto a recibir y cumplir sus órdenes, me repita su afectí- simo amigo y S. S. <;. García Moreno. 7 I i f Be rafleic al oom-oate cjtie tnv» ingar ni Batuta Bonn j .M:n h il.i. mnliaaa inlii a Loa • n¡.< .luí •mu-ios «reaidoa N 1 ARGENTÍNE L'S WE¡ MARKK REPUBLIC Pour bien dó^Brire uu pa.ys, pour l>ien c:-niiinitre se; ¡lahitartts ec s ís ins'.iüi':.>ns, iL fañt surtom n-j pas evoiv rl'ira?.,-?--; prdcon^cfr . (Dk Tcc^oiívili.b.) PARÍS IMPRIME RIE CENT» AL L DES CHrJMINS DEFER a. air^ix bt a- •Wt f.i:..-*RB, ÜO, I'HK¡- De' IMtLÍVM, J )llMÍA-lT»e a.. . 1873ANSWER TO M. MAGDONBLL'S REMARKS ON THE ARGENTINE REPUBLICANSWER TO M. MAGDONELL'S REMARKS ON THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC Pour bien décrire un pays, pour bien connaitre ses habitants et ses I lA /•» b o! instilutions, il faut surtout lie pas #Cv "l ' ' C M ' I ' avoir d'idées préconfues. (De Tocqüeville.J PARIS IMPRIMERIE CENTRALE DES GHEMINS DK FER A.. CHAIS EX CP* RUE BERCERE, 20 , PRÉS DV BOULEVARD SI O N T M ARTIt F. 1873ANSWER TO M. MAGDONELL'S REMARKS ON THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC The Chargé tVaffaires of Her British Majesty, to the Argentine Republic, has found proper to accumuíale in a Memoir, presented to bis Govern- ment, in 1872, a series of charges against the latter country, "with the scope of preventing- Bri- tisb. subjects from migrating- to tbis Republic. As in tbis Memoir tbe Envoy brings fortb as an evidence a quotation, taken from a dispatcb, ad- dressed by me to my Government, from tbe Uni- ted States, I feel it a duty to rectify assertions, whicb taken isolated will surely produce a wrong impression. On insinuating to my Government tbe convenience of a better legislation on immi- gration, I was prompted by a patriotic feeling and I spoke to my Government witb the openness and— 6 — enthusiasm of a man wliose political ideal, far yet exceeds the admirable tissue of inslitutions of the United States. When I said that our laws were not liberal enough, I was far from meaning what tbe Chargé ¿Ta/}'aires infers, my idea -was, make them more liberal yet ; I knew to whom I spoke and felt sure of being understood. I never supposed my own words, so fraught witb good will and interest, towards my country, and di- rected to tliat country alone, would one day through ill will, or a misinterprelation, serve to condemn before a foreign country, tbose laws wihch I sougbt to render yet more dvantageous for the welfare of immigrants. I never dreamt to be associaled,in so incongruous a manner with one who only seeks to criticise in order to withdraw, from us, the foreign element so necessary for our prosperity. If Mr. Mac Dorinell felt so willing to analyse our country, he had better have taken the pre- vious trouble of inquiring into the origin of the wealth of his own relatives ; he would then have found that through intelligence and perseverance Mr. Lumb, his father in law,andMrs. Green and Wankling, his wife's brothers in law, have accu- mulated large wealth and obtained honorable positions under the protection of the Argentine institutions. We can hardly undersland how Mr. Mac Donnell can draw conclusions so diffe- rent from those of his distinguished predecessors in Her Majesty's Legation in the River Píate, and which appear well founded since we see the confidence and spontaneity manifested by so mañy British capitalists, investing in railroads, tram- ways, telegraphs, and many other Argentine enterprises. And this reminds me of what Tal- leyrand used to say : 11 y a quelqu'un qui a plus d'esprit que M. de Voltaire : Cest tout le monde. John Bull is a sharp fellow ! Without going so far as Buenos Ayres, in search of statistical documents, everybody can see in the dailyTimes, facts, which refute Mr. Mac Donell's assertion, with the stern logic of ciphers ; I mean the price of Argentine stocks and shares. The state of the different banks in Buenos Ayres and Santa Fé shows, every day, an increase of deposits made by English and Irishmen who arrived on our shores, with no other means than their good will and habits of industry. To corrobó- rate this, I insert the foliowing paragraph, taken from the Standard of Buenos Ayres, an English paper, which no one can accuse of partiality. « Are there not twenty thousand Irish. sheep- » farmers, who landed here without friends or » money now holding property over two mil- » lions sterling ? Are there not British merchants » holding the highest social position, who were » struggling clerks ten years ago ? Are there not » English railways in Buenos Ayres paying» splendid dividends, and all the staff English? » Are there not wealthy and open haiided, Scotch, » Irish, and English capilalists in this city and » province, of whom Oíd England might be » proud, instead of snubbing us in this manner ? » Is there a ' partido ' in the Province where » the man that speaks English will not find wel- » come in a hundred ranchos ? Have we not Irish » and Scotch chapéis in all directions a new one » opened every year? » And then we are to he told hy the House of » Lords that we are a half-civilised community, » where an Englishman finds as little encoura- » gement or chance of getting on as if he were » dropped in the Andaman Islands or the Corea. » {Buenos Ayres Standard). Mr. Macdonell has not limited himself to prac- tical facts, as a good Englishman should, on the contrary he has heen influenced^ by perso- nal animosities, misjudging thus, by parti pris, a country that has done, and does so much to at- tract the foreign elemenl. Speaking of the ar- gentine industries Mr. Macdonell refers. lst. To sheep farming . 21y. To cattle farming. 31y. Agriculture. üly - Mining. 51y. Gommerce. I am happy to see that he makes a just apre- — 9 — ciation of the importance of this industry; but yet, non satisfied with the present prosperous aspect of things, he pronosticates, that this will not last. In 1869, Mr. Francis Clare Ford, first Secrétary of the British Legation at the Argentino Repu- blic, in the Memoir presented to her Majesty's Government says : « There is probably not a » more interesting subject for the British, in the » Argentine Republic than sheep farming. » Every year a number of educated young men » of good family go to River Píate in order to » buy land and raise sheep, sure of being able » to realise in a short space of five or eight years » a fortune that will assure them the means of » living comfortably in England. » - He adds — « The Argentine Republic, through the low » price of land and cattle, offers, to owners of small » means, advantages far superior to those they » could find in Australia, New Zealand or the » Cape of Good-Hope. » On the same subject I give the opinión of Mr. Stephen "Webster in his remarkable treaty on Immigration to the River Píate : « Only 30 » years ago the few sheep in the country were of » little valué, and entirely in the hands of the na- » tives, who kept [Ihem for food, with which to » make shift when it was not convenient to kill » beef. They were hardly worth a paper dollar, h, d., » and the wool was of little valué, except perhaps— 10 — » for the manufacture by some of Ihe natrve wo- » raen of a few coarse horse-rugs. Foreigners,how » ever, seeingr the adaptability of the counlry to » sheep-breeding, took up tne matter, and Mrs. » John Harrett and Peter Sheridan were the first » to import fine sheep — their example being soon » followed by Mr. John Hannah and others. In » 1852 the total sheep, in the Province of Buenos » Ayres, was estimated at four and a half millions ; » in 1866 they had reached 60 millions, and in » 1870 were estimated at 100,000,000. The export *> of wool from the port of Buenos Ayres was : - » In 1852-3 20,514bales,or about 16,4lt ,2O0 lbs. » In 1868-9 173,238 ,, ,, 138,590,600 lbs. » The export of sheep skins was during the » same periods : — 1,398 bales, or about 279,600 skins. 49,119 ,, ,, 9,823, 808 » and this nowithstanding that several tanneries » have been established in Buenos Ayres, which >> have very materially reduced the exportation. » The valué of the chief items of export for » 1869 as compared with 1866, are as follows : 1868 1869 million dollars; million dollars » Wool and sheepskins. 12 í » Tallow ,, 4 V o á » Hides ,, 6 » Jerked beef, etc. 2 2 — 11 — » showing a fall of 8 per cent, in wool, an in- » crease of Uh per cent, in tallow, and 25 per » cent, in hides; while from Mrs. Woodgate's » returns, we know that the trade of 1870 has » been greatly in excess of that of 1869, wool » and sheepskins having increased from eleven » and a half million dollars ; in fact statistics » show that while the national revenue doubles » every fiveyears, the trade of the port of Buenos » Ayres doubles every eight years ; and when » we consider, what the state of the country has » been, and what it is now becoming, we may >> reasonably expect that in future the increase » will be even more rapid. » The trade returns, for the past eight years » show the following arrivals and sailing. 1861. - 324,331 tons 1865. - 512,590 1869. - 800,000 In reply to the objections of Mr. Macdonell about the quality of wool in the Republic. I think that the fact that Mr. Claudio Steckmann a wealthy german sheep farmer established in Buenos Ayres, Mr. Martinez de Hoz, and many others obtained medals in the French Exhibí tion of 1867, is suf- ficiently eloquent. Speaking of the official valué of wool, the Chargé presents a table for a period of 14 years which shows the valué to be for 1857 of £ 667,284— 1* and in 1871 £ 2,175,119. He neglects, how- ever tiie important fact, that the Irish emi- grants now become wealthy proprietors liave obtained their fortune through this industry. In regard to cattle farming, Mr. Macdonell siates that tais branch of industry is in a great measure in the hands of tbe natives, and. that immigrants will experience great difficulty, should they attempt to enter upon it withont a preliminary apprenticeship. I do not deny this fact, but I wish to make known, that this necessary know- ledge is easily acquired especially by the English, as is proved by the following table of estancias owned by Englishmen, in the province of Buenos Ayres. •v — 13 — THE RIVERINE PARTIDOS OR DISTRICTS. The distances are from Buenos Ayres to the town of the district. Proprietor. |J. FOX____ IJ. Celery.. - Murray. [Patrick Lynch . |E. Wallace. . . . G. Macóme . . . . M. O'Rourke . . . )M. Brennon . . . , P. Whelan..... |J. Murtagh..... Sq. leagues and oquivalent in acres. s = acres 1,623 tí 3,230 2,170 32,000 6,300 6,SOO 3,230 3,230 1 ,623 1,080 Districts. [John Harrington . . . iLuke Doyle......../.\o return of J. Wheeler.......(extentofland T. Fallón........ I Michael Doherty.. |J. Kehoe..........J Rent land, T. Young.........( liaving from M. Me Donald......¿7,000 to 8,000 IJ. Cronin.........1 shee peach. Finnery Brothers . iTait............ ISavage.......... Boxwill........ I Mrs. Hogan........, . Barker........... VNo. r Va Va Va Va Va 1V4 Va Va I*/a IV 3 =acres. Va 3/i Va V* 4 4 -i3/* 23/* «Ve I 1 1 1 2Va •¡i Va 3,250 3,250 3,250 4,340 3,250 3,250 8,125 3,250 3,250 9,750 10,850 2, 170 3,250 4,875 3,250 4,875 2, 170 1 ,025 26,OOO 26,OOO 30,875 17,875 7,580 6,500 6,500 6,650 6,650 4,875 16,250 13,0OO 6,500 6,50O 4,875 4,875 3,250 13,OOO Districts. Capilla del Señor -continued. 42 miles N. W- San Andrés de Giles. 60 miles N.N.W- San Antonio dr Arcco. 63 miles N. W- Fortín de Areco. 81 miles W.N.W Salto. 102 mis. W.N. W Arrecifies. lOO miles N. W. Government valuation of sq. league. dols. £ SOO,000=4,170 SOO , 000=4 ,170 360,000=3,000 SOO, 000=4,170 350,000=2,915 450,000=3,750 450,000=3,750 British popula- 400 TOO over 1 ,00o 500 300 - 13 — Proprietor. Sq. leagues ana equival», nt in acres. Dislricts. Sq. tmítues-- acres. I Government valuation oí sq. league. NORTH AND WKST FRONTJER DISTRICTS. — Arnold and Co.. . P. Kitxsimons...... \V. A11 ¡son......... VV. Kilzsimons..... R. Hastings....... J. B. Hale (Ameri can )............ Betts' heirs........ Doyles* lmirs ..... P. Arnold......... \V. Mooney....... Alex. Win ton...... John Murphy. . . M. Hardoy...... John Busa...... James Bollasty. . David Andersón . l 'iniiev'.s lieir.i. . Patrick Motfat . . ;ter Carey..... Peter Lawler.. . . l'hos. Geoghegan 12 otliers........ Kranck Dowling. M. Murray...... Geo. Atkins...... — Burke...... . B. Perkins. uggan Bros . Casey...... Alien..... Murray . . . Pierson.... Dowling. . . Drysdale. . . M'Lean . . . . Forest..... Bell....... H. Green.. . -> • Vi •4/j 3/j 7» 1 < 19,500 6,500 9,-50 iSdfSOO 9,75o 3,25d 9,751) 4, ÍS7:. 3,25<> 0,5O0 6, 5O0 13,000 8, 125 | No 1 mi 111 iiñ ¿ miles N. \V Unjas. 1-Jí) mis. W.N.W valued a agyregate valuó Juniti. 135 mJte.W. N-W Chacabuio. Bragado. 117 miles \V. 3'M», 000=2, 500 300,000=2 ,300 300,000=2,500 45,000 50,000: 50,000/ 40,OOO) 4<»,<>( «OÍ 35,0001 230,000 ahont 1, 100 ¿00,000=1 ,650 British popula- lion. lOO 1O0 5O0 200,000=1 ,650 I0O— ifi — Vroprielor. Sq. leagucs atid oquivalent in ucres. X>istricts. Covermnent valualion uf Icague. British popula- tjon. üq. leo(ruc*«=«cre Thcre are 23 estancias of English and írishmcn in Nueve de Julio but no relurns. El i IT Bros____ Wrii^ht Bros. G. Keen H . Keen G. Dikson . . . V . Whelan . . W. Smith. Dillon..... Pearson. .. Peter ifaun - ■ P. Garaghan. . L. ClMJ..... O. Lyach..... J . Miirpliy . . . . P. Colman. . . . J- Brown..... Mrs. Maxwell. P. Burcess . . . D. Clavin..... John Beris.. . . Alox. Cook. . . . M. Kenny..... M. Fitxsimons. 1». Kenny..... Patrick Fleming Mirhael Alian. Nicholas Lowe Laurenee Kelly Tlios. Maguare M. Murray .. . II. Tyrrell. . . Thos. Ledwith .1. Magniic. . . . John Smith . . Tlios. Carney . T. Maguira . . . John Mahon . . C. Garaghan . . T. Alien...... John (lonnor.. 3V8 «*/» 2 M/« 2 4,87.3 20,:;u 16,350 13,(>(»(> 8, I 25 13,04 tO Veinte >/ Cinco de Mayo. 105 miles \V. 200,000=1 ,630 1 , OJO THE WESTERN 0,500 3 ' . 3/4 3/ 1 I 4 * / s ¡A i * 1 1 »/« «/« »/« '.'4 »/• Ve !*/• 1 1 2 »/. 1 V3 Vi ' i * I Va V* '/a i i /» 2 7,312 4,875 «,873 i , 87N 3,230 3,23<> i ,<¡-j:. i .< >>3 i , 625 i ,<>23 <>-_>:. ;<>¿.% <;23 080 9,750 (¡,:;,">< H» 2, 170 3,280 1, < tas • 16,23(> A, 87.3 3,2:>(» 3,3:;o 3,2.3(1 3,2.3(1 2. 170 21 PARTIDOS Mf> lo. miles W- /.ucean. 12 miles W. 800,000=0,600 ►30,000=3,750 Mcrcciles. (¡o miles W- .300,000=1, 170 300 .3,000 2,00*» — 17 - Proprietor. Sq lnagues and equivalent in acres. Districts. Government valualion of sq. kague. British popula-tíon. J. Dillon.......... Patrick Keating .... Cranwel family .... Sq. lcaguessocres. V* 1,62.3 V4 1,623 Va 3,230 */4 1,625 V3 2,170 53/t 37,373 3«/a 22,750 •/« 1,623 Mercedes— conti-nued. 60 mile* W. Chivilcoy. 100 miles W. dula. JE 500, 000= l, 170 200 J. M'Clymont . . . W. Whíte....... éter Ball....... Thompson family W. Dickson..... Mrs. Hanlon..... J. Smith and Co. Mrs. Norris...... (¡alian Bros..... — Maxwell..... Mrs. Kenny..... John Maguire . . . . Patrick Maguire . . L. Casey......... I Casey and Co . Mrs. Cornfoot . M. Murphy . . . M. Geoghegan. James Murphy. Ter. Moore. . . . John Lawler. . . P.O'.Neil...... David Dillon..... M. Bussell....... W. M'Clymont . . . W. P. Boyd...... Fras. Brady...... D. Lyall......... John Maleo]m .... John White...... Bernard Killimed. M. Hogan........ SOUTH WESTERN DISTRICTS. 3«/4 20,312 3 19,500 V4 1 ,023 »/« 4,873 V* 1 ,625 Va 2,170 **/« 14,623 ■¿ 13,000 2 13,000 3/4 4,875 3/4 4,875 Va 3,250 ;/« 3,250 ■/» 3,250 jv4 8,123 1 1 ,080 6,500 6,500 */« 3,250 1 % 3,250 Va 3,230 V4 1 ,623 *'/*. «Va 'Va 1 1 *l* Va Va Va »/l 14,623 9,750 9,750 6,500 6,300 2,340 3,250 3,230 3,250 2, 170 33 Cañuelas. miles S. W Navarro. 51 miles W.S.W. Lobos. 54 miles S . W. Guardia Monte. 57 miles S. W. 400,000=3,300 320,000=2,666 320,000=2,666 20O 1,000 500,000=4,170 1,000 2,500 a— 18 — Proprietor. Js. Craig ..... Tim. Killimed. Ed. Moran . . . . — M'Loughlin — Muldowney. — Kenny..... P. Martin..... M. Hardoy ..... P. Koberts..... John Connor... Thos. Cormack . — Butler...... — Leman...... J. White....... J. Brown....... F. Foster....... G. Man son..... — Tudery..... — Gebbie, Bros. J. Belford...... J. Robson..... Ed. Muller..... G. Bell........... — Harratt......... W. M'Gaw........ N. Nelson......... J. Robson......... N. Buchanan...... C. Smith......... J. Bell............ G. Me Farquhar... D. Kenry ......... — Faulkes........ Mrs. Williams. Mrs. Daly......... J . Glew..........• G. Temperley..... Ferguson Brothers John Hannah..... — Welchnian..... — Harratt........ Sq. leagues ana equivalent in acre». Sq. leaejues = aeres V3 '/• Vi ■/« Vi 73/4 3«/« 3 2 !*/« I 2 2,170 1 , 625 1,625 1 ,625 1,625 3,230 50,375 22,750 10,500 13,000 9,750 6,500 1 1 •/« TH 2 Districts. Guardia Monte — continued. 57 miles S.S-W. Saladillo . 69 miles S. W. Las Florea. 144 miles S. W. 13,OOO 2,3iO 3,250 6,000 3,200 6,500 6,500 4,875 1 ,625 K SOUTHERN DISTRICTS Government valuation of sq. league. dols. 200,000=1 ,630 200,000=1 ,650 230,000=2,085 ] British popula- tlon. 500 OOO I*/. 3»/* 3'/* 4 13,000 11,375 3,230 3,250 6,500 3,250 1 ,080 1 ,623 3,230 1 ,623 7,312 4,875 4,875 3,250 4,873 4,340 22,750 22,750 26,OOO San Vicente. 30 miles S. Ranchos. 60 miles S. 500,000=4 ,170 1 ,000 330,000=2,915 400 Proprietor. Dr. Gibbings. Bryan Thorpe W. Glennon . . G. Hunt..... — Bernan . . . F. Miller..... H. Thwaites. . - Cowan.... W. Purvis . . . J. Pettigrew.. — Newton..... G. Bell........ F. Plowes..... W. Sheddon.. . P. Brown...... P. Wallace..... R. Wilde...... G. Bell........ G. Shiel...... — Thwaites.. . . J. Nowell..... N. Johnston.. . . J. Green...... J. Dods....... John Dods..... Mrs. Mullady. . R. Wilson..... P. Maxwell.... J. Fessey...... Joseph Graliam John Fair..... R. Buchanan. . . Alex. Bell...... John Davidson. G. Bell........ D. Hudson. . . . J. Brown..... T. Robson..... W. Yates...... F. Black...... — Young ..... — Boyd....... Mrs. Watson. . Sq. loa pues and equivalent in acres. Sq. Iea| ;/« »/• »/• V4 Va •/« V8 «/i 5 3 2«/a 1 1 1 »/■ 2'/2 Va 23/4 1 I 1 1 •/■ Va Va i 6 Va Va THE 2 Ve :: Districts. Ranchos — conti- nued. 60 miles S. Chascomus. 72 miles S. ups - acres. 3,250 3,250 812 812 i ,625 2, 170 3,250 \ ,625 812 1,625 32,500 19,500 16,250 6,500 6,500 6 , 500 812 16,sao 3,250 17,875 0,50O 6,500 6,500 6,500 3,250 3,230 3,250 812 1 ,080 6,500 39,000 3,250 3,250 SOUTH COAST Quilmes. 9 miles S. E. Government valuation of sq. league. 500,000=4,170 British popula- 3,000 13,000 9,750 812 4,875 3,250 1 ,080 1,623 1 ,080 A ,623 2,170 DISTRICTS. ) 500,000=4,170 «o to 2,000;000 = 16,680 40O— 90 — Proprietor. G. Bell....... Mrs. Taylor. . H. Rummell.. Wm. Cooper.. Thes. Mahon . J. G. Taylor.. H. Gilbert____ C. Coss...... — Garraghan. R. J. R. H. G. P. T. F. Newton. -. Fink...... Simons.. . Thompson. Carman . . . Hamilton.. Malcolm. . Plowes. . . . Joseph Butler.. W. Thompson, P. Crinigan. . . I. Hardy...... M . Hessiger.. Thomas Davis Gibson Brothers. W. Gilmour.... G. Bell......... iG. Palmer...... i Patrick Moran . . Sq. leagues and equivalent in acres. Sq. leagues—acre». 3/* Va 1 Va 3/* V* Vs »/| Va Va Va 3/4 •3/4 Va 6 Va Va Va 8 I 3 1 IVa 39,000 -4,873 3,250 6,500 3,250 4,875 1 ,623 2,170 1,625 9,730 3,23ü 2,170 3,2SO 4,875 11,373 9,750 3,250 39,000 19,500 6,500 3,250 3,250 3,250 52,000 26,000 19,r>00 6,500 9,750 1,492,897 Districts. Ensenada. 30 miles S. E. A/a 7 dalena. 57' miles S. E. Tordillo. 120 miles S. E Ajo. 137 miles S. E. Government valuation of sq. leaguo. dols. £ 330,000=2,915 400,000=3,300 250,000=2,083 150,000=1 ,250 British popula— tion. • 800 1 .500 ta] few. 350 22,230 I " The fact of llieir being so many English pro- prielors engoged in cattle farraing, is enough to prove lliat lilis industry is as lucrative for foreig- ners in. the Republic as slieep raising. The criticism of the Chargó on agricultiire is both unjust and unpremedilated. An immense counlry, like otirs, in ]ack of worlcing hands and striving bravely, to open easy means of commimicaüon and irrigalion, and in which, flou- rish industries more produclive and less subjecL to contingencies, may well give but a second place to agriculture. In answer to Mr. MacdonelFs assertion that tlie íiclcleness of " clitnate includi?ig sudden changes of temperature, violcnt storms of tvindy dust and rain, long continuad droughts, lieavy and persistent rains, locústs, bic/ios, basket tvorins and anís are the numerous obslacles to succesful cultiva- tion; I give Mr. Stephen Webster's opinión on the subject. « We will now consider the adaptability of the » Argeritine States to the working man, or labou- » rer, whose chief object in emigra ting generally » is to íind a home Mliere lie may live more » comfortably "vvith less toil, and with a prospect » of being able to bring up bis family to some- » thing better than. he had any hope of doing in. » his native country. As to the gentleman emi- » grant, so to the labourer, I say that in no » country could he possibly have fairer prospects— 22 — » of being able to achieve tliose views than in » tlie River Píate. In. emigrating, the climate of » the couiitry to which one goes is of very mate- » rial importance, especially to the Jabouring » man, as it involves questions of bealtb, com- » fort, saving of expense, freedom from hard- » sbips, and general facility of living. To tbe » labouring man sucb a climate is a great boon » less clotbing during tbe day, less covering » during tbe night is required; less fuel to be » laid up, fewer privations and bardsbip lo be » eudured; little winter provisión requiring to » be made for cows, pigs, etc., a longer season » for outdoor work, for tbe production of vege- » tables for bis table, etc.; where two crops of » potatoes ripen in tbe year, and carrots, turnips, » and otber easily grown vegetables are in per- » fection from early Autumn till late in Spring; » where pumpkins, waler-melons, and sweet » melons grow to perfection witb tbe smallest » amount of trouble. How much easier to pro- » vide for and bring up a family in sucb a cli- » mate tban in tbat of Ganada and part of tbe » United States ! » Another great consideration witb anemigrant, » sbould be tbe soil of tbe country he goes to » and the physical formation of it. Here again the » Píate can compare advantageously with any » other country in the world. The Province of » Buenos Ayres alone, the settled portion of it, — 23 — » contains an área of U 1/2 millions of acres, the » whole of which may be said to be a vast plain » of very fertile soil, without a stone in it, co- » vered with natural grasses suited for the pas- » turing of fiocks and herds ; only waiting for » the husbandman to break it up and throw in >> the seed to bring forth luxuriant crops of cereals « and vegetables of all kinds, -so fertile, indeed, » tbat wheat crops can be taken from it for con- » secutive years without requiring any relurn » in the shape of manure; in fact, maize is » generally sown before wheat, as the virgin » soil is found to be too strong for the latter » crop. An Englishman, writing from the district » of Babia Blanca, says : Samples of the soil » having been sent borne to the Analytical » Ghemist of the Boyal Agricultural Soeiety, in » London, they were pronounced by him to be » of an excellent wheat-growing quality, bul he » said tbat for the first two or three years the » ploughing should'not be deep. » « In the Píate a man living in the country can, » at a very small cost ofmoney andlabour, secure >-> to his family a most liberal supply of meat, » vegetables, and farinaceous food; as also poul- » try, eggs, butter cbeese, and pork. A good fat » sheep, weighing perhaps about two-thirds what » an equally fat one at borne would weigh, can » any where be bought at from U s. to 5 s. each, » while by 4' the cut " they are to be purchased— 24 — » at from 1 s. 6 d. to 3 s. per head, according » to quality, condilion, etc., ele, etc. Acow flt for » killing may be had at from 20 s. to SO s.; and » a milck cow, wilh lier calf, at from 60 s. to » 70 s. The garden. plot supplies vegetables, and » having tbe means of fencing in a few acres, » the industrious seltler may readily grow » enough wheat and maize for the consumption » of bis family, poultry, and pigs; grinding bis » wheat into a coarse flour, or meal, in an or- » dinary coffee mili of decent size, as I remember » to bave seen done in the house of a well-to-do » Irish sheep farmer. Groceries are materially » dearer than in England ; but of course one » cannot expect to find anytbing sold so many » miles in tbe interior of such a country, at the » same .prices one is aecustomed to at lióme, » where steam annibilates distance and competi- » tion keeps things at a common level. Gandles » and soap can readily be made in the house, » therefore the grocers account comes to be re- » duced to little beyond tea and sugar, the for- » mer retail in Buenos. Ayres at from 3 s. U d., » the latter, Havanah, 6 d. per Ib, refined, 7 d. » per Ib., which the surplus potatoes, maize. » eggs, and butter, would far more than pay for. » Glotbes, it is true, are dearer than in En- » gland, taking quality for quality, but it must » be remembered that the climate is so much » more genial that fewer clothes are required, — 25 — » and those worn during nine months of the » year are of a much lighter quality than could » be worn in England. It is, therefore, found » that in that country a larger amount need not » be expended on clothes Iban would be required » nt borne. Tame riding horses, which can easily » be tamed lo work in the cart or plough, can » be bought at from 4L 2 lo £ 3 each. Tame wor- » king bullocks at from £3 10 s. to é¿ 5. Dairy » produce in the towns is generally very dear. » Butter is generally worlh about 15 dols. or 2 s. » O d. per Ib. In winter it often rises to ti s.-Gd . » and 5 s. per Ib.; eggs,, 1 s.8 d. to 2 s. per » dozen. » The Chargé inststs very much on our lack of agri- cultural produets, I refer him to the preceding quotations. On account of the exorbitant railway freight the rich agriculturers in the West and N.W. of the United States are nearly bankrupt.Who would wonder then if the same causes produced the same effeets in the Argentine Republic ! But which are these causes ? In the United States it is the monopoly of railroad holders, while in the Argentine Republic we only need more rail- roads, not only for the transport of the producís of cultivation, but also for those that the generous and fertile land gives spontaneously! It is also to be considered that most of our railroads are in the— 26 — hands of English companies. It is to them tliat incumbs the duty of bringing down, as soon as they can do so, wiUiout loss, tlie liigli prices for freight; tliey would tlius avoid a crisis si- milar to tliat with which tlie United States are tlireatened. Let tlieni fear to incur in the great error of Nortli American monopoly. Let them bear in mind tliat the economical interests of the age are harmonious and tbat no industry enriclies ilself by ruining those on whicli it depends ! Tlie most important of tlie railroad companies, tlie Argentine Central, owns one league of land on eitlier side of the track from Rosario to Cor- do va. By dislributing this land to their fellow countrymen the directors wonld contribute not only to their welfare, but to the increase of the valué of property. " Great indeed is the mineral wealth of the Argentine Confederalion, such is the reason why the first Spaniards gave it the ñame of la Plata (silver) (Francis Clare Ford. - Memoir presen- ted to Parliament 1867). » The mineral resources of the Argentine Re- public are very important, gold, silver, copper, lead, marble, limestone, granite, salt and coal are found in various districts, only requiring po- pulation and means of transit to become great sources of wealth (Stephen Webster. — On emi- gra tion). » Mrs. F. S. Klappenback and C° have lately — 27 — changed their society into a company, in Buenos Ayres, called: íl The San Juan mining and smel- ting C° capital's 230,000 S divided into 230 sha- res of $ 1,000 s. each. " " The following gentlemen form the board of directors. Constant Santa María, Président. F. Wanklyn, Director. H. Ebbinghaus, ditto. H. Heberard, ditto. J. Aldao, ditto. A. ScharíT, Secretary. F. S. Klappenbach, Manager in San Juan. The future of the company is most promising, entering as it does into a field of action alrcady eocplored and prepared for it iu which it will have but to reap the fruit. The mines of La Huerta, whose tt richness and abundance are well recognised only require hands to give brilliant results giving new element?. of greatness and prosperity to the country and at the same time offering scope for the formation of new and greater undertakings. " (Handbook of the River Píate by M. G. and E. F. Mulhall, editors of the Standard). At the Paris Exhibition major Rickard, Mrs. Klappenbach and others obtained medals for speci- mens of ores. " M. Freloar, well known in connection with— 28 — mining, in Brazil lias just received a valuable rnining concession from the Government of Rioja province, for the development of tbe famous Pama lina mines. It is gralifying lo find, lliat the immense mineral riches, oí" lilis Republic are at lengtb receiving some altention on tbe part of foreign experts and Ibis is probably a result of Ibe circulalion in England of more exact infor- mations in major Rickard's valuable work on Ibis subject. " (Tbe Brazil and River Píate Mail) . " Tbe Kaolín (terre á porcelaine) is in abun- dance at Getemani, near tbe cily of Salta. " " Petroleumoccupies an extensión of 25 leagues in tbe Mounlain Concepción (province of Jujuy). " [Documents officiels sur la Répubiique Are/entine) . So mucb for the ivarning to Englislimetx to put but little faith in the statements of the promoters of mine- ral schemes in La Plata, given by Mr. Macdonell. Tbe statistics of tbe last ten years "would bave afforded tbe Chargé a tbeme to render justice to tbe commercial prosperity of tbe Rex>ublic ; but as bis object is to denigrale, be only stops to enumérate wbat is yet to be done. Mr. Macdonell subjeets tbat, if \ve bad a port our trade would soon be doubled, be will no doubt be pleased to know tbat tbe construclion of one bas been entrusted to an Englisb engineer. And bere it is fit to ob- serve tbat althougb the construclion of tbe said port will produce great economies for tbe landing and sbipping of merebandise, it will by no means augment tbe production or consommation. Most of our valuable enterprises sucb as tbe gas works of tbe city of Buenos Ayres, tbe water supplies, the Central, Soutbern, "Western, Ense- nada, Entre Rio railroads, tbe tramways, tbe electric telegrapbs, sixty iron bridges for diffe- rent parts of tbe province of Buenos Ayres, all tbese bave been constructed by Englisb engineers and workmen, and are at present under tbe ma- nagement of a numerous englisb personel. Here it seems to me is tbe moment to ans- wer tbe strange assertion of Mr. Macdonell tbat ** the most undesirable class of emigrants is the young gentleman of slender if any means, zcho by education and antecedents is neither fit to tend a floek of sheep, siueep a store, or malee himself generally use ful ; and I regret to say, this class is by no means insignificant in number. Many of these young men are considerately dis- patched by provident parents and friendsto " farm sheep in the River Píate " and unaecustomed to hardships and privations alike un fit, unable and untcilling to tvork find, ere they have commenced to earn a livelihood, t/tat their available resources are eachausted and that the connections and habits they have contracted debar them from seeking assistance from their countrymen, useless and helpless, they sink lower and lower, in the social scale and at last come to a discreditable end. " If tbese young gentleman of slender means, wbo are— 30 — neither fit to tend a flock of sheep or stveep a store, have received a good education, they will easily find employment as engineers, meclianics, physi- cians, clergymen, druggists, prinlers, clerks, in counling liouses, banks, railroad or telegxapli offices, teachers of music, dancing-, drawing, languages, etc., etc., that is, if they are not unable and untoilling to tvork, for in such a case they Avill sooner or later come to a discreditable end, whether they emigrate or stay at lióme. From what sources does Mr. Macdonell infer that the immigration of British workmen to the cities, would not íind employment and that £ 1 these poor fellotcs have to cope with so many diffi— culties, and toaste their energies and capacities in com- peting with the inferior tcorfcmanship of French- men and ltalians. " It is enlirely the reverse as every day good workmen are more needed and sought on accounl of the great progress made hy the country; as a proof of this I insert the following table of wages. Bricklayers daily without hoard. 6* 6* Carpenters — — 7* 6d Blacksmiths — - 7S 6d Tailors....................... 6S to !Os Shoemakers.................. 7S 6d Railway navvies.............. 8S Od Saladero peones............... 12s to 1 £ 4S The cost of a mechanic's hoard and lodging does not exceed 3S a day. — 31 — "Workmen of a 11 kinds find immediate employ ment and the new railways will require thousands of navvies" (Handhook of the River Píate). Mr. Macdonell's assertion that the fortunes realized hy Englishmen, who carne to River Píate, thirty or forty years ago are being constantly held out as a bait for immigrants, is contradicted hy the note SU of his own pamphlet, as foliows : M / ivas assured, by a gentleman of great property and vast ex- perience, zvho has been in the country fifty years, that no man need be in a dependent position longer than twelve months from the day of landing." If this last statement be true, what better bait can be found for attracting immigrants ? I liad on first beginning intended to follow Mr. Macdonell, step by step, but on perusing at- tentively his pamphlet I íind so many contradic- tions, like the above, that I consider useless to take a trouble, he himself spares me. Mr. Macdonell only thinks of criticising the Government for not protecting the immigrants, on their arrival, he speaks of a Home for immigrants slightly and en passant, I quote the follo^ving passa- ges from the regulations on immigrants : "Once landed the immigrants (poor) are lodged gratis in the Home n° 8 Galle Corrientes". This régulation was adopted October 18th. 1867. Article first. — Every immigrant, holding his passage contract, is to be lodged and fed dn-ring eight days — Exceplion in particular ca- ses . Article seco.nd. — No one is admitted after having been on land two days, previous to applying at ** the Home " — Follow fourteen articles more on in.tern.al regulations. The central commission of immigration is aulhorized by tbe respective rail- road companies to give immigrants free tickets for any point on the lines from Buenos Ayres to tbe interior of tbe Republic. The commission has also received from the na- tional Government the faculty of forwarding im- migrants and their luggage, by steamboats, gratis, to any point on the Paraná and Uruguay ri- vers. » This contradicts Note 32 of Mr. Macdonell, that immigrants going to Santa Fé have to pay their passage there, wbich is equal to the fare from Spain to Buenos Ayres. ** Henee every new comer is thrown on his ressources, the only persons likely to befriend him crimps, kidnappers and low lodginghouse keepers. " I leave the Standard to answer wilh its usual eloquence. « Now, if there be any one thing for which the » River Píate is remarkable, as noted by all stran- » gers, il is the readiness with which we give » advice, friendship or assislance to people we » never saw before. Let one of us go to England — 33 — » and he will find it very difFerent. We may be » of tbe most honourable antecedenls, ampie » means, good education and agreeable manners; » but we hardly getthe civililies which an enligh- » tened Hindoo might have reason to expect, and » whatever courtesy or hospitality is shewn us » comes accompanied by the ill concealed signi- » íicalion that people in England musí now and » then condescend to be hospitable. » Moreover the immigrants seeking work or employment can address Ihemselves to tbe com- mission of the Home, which is informed by all those in need of workmen, labourer or servants ; all informations are given gratis to both parlies. Regarding those which are desirous to procede to tbe interior of the country, tbe commission belps tbem with all the necessary information. The central commission of immigration has appoinled local conimissions in several towns of tbe province of Buenos Ayres and in tbe capitals of the otlier provinces. These commissions are bound to prolect and assist the immigrants, who urrive in tbeir localilies. The Government of Buenos Ayres has presented as a gift, to the commission, of immigrants a valuable lot of land, to build a new and larger Home. - " Nolhing can belter show tbe prospe- rity of immigrants than tbe ofíicial return of de- positors in the state hank of Buenos Ayres. Theproportion of money so lodged was distributed as follows "-Out ofevery 100,000,OOOpapers dol- lars deposited tbe owners were : Argentines............... 27,000,000 Ilalians.................. 20,000,000 EngKsh and Irisb........ \U,000,000 Spaniards................ 10,000,000 Basques................. 9,000,000 French.................. 8,000,000 Germans................. 6,000,000 Various.................. G, 000,000 lí It must be borne in mind tbat besides Ibe de- positions in bank, Hiere are thousands of indus- Irious Europeans who bave invesled llieir savings in land and farming stock. Many of tbe Irisb settlers, as in North America, send lióme sums of money, to Ibeir relalives, to supporl them or pay tbeir passage bitber. " " Tbe Irisli liousemaids, in town, bave also accounts in tbe saving's banks. " - (Handbook of tbe River Píate) . c< It is to be observed, says Mr. Francis Ford » in bis remarkable report - Tbat tbe sums dc- » posited in tbe bank by tbe English and Irisb » are very considerable, compared lo tbe small » number of depositors, tbis can be explained, » partially by tbe immer.se wealth of tbe British » subjects, wbicb are at tbe bead of importan! >» business bouses in Buenos Ayres. » - 3» — Tbe Handbook of tbe River Píate publisbed in 1869, contains tbe following paragraph : - íí Tbe Irisb farmers are estimated to possess nearly 30,000,000 of sheep, tbey are also as farmers tbe cbief landed proprietors in Buenos Ayres, and very bospitable to slrangers. Tbe districts of Lujan, Mercedes, Pilar, Areco, Lobos, etc., are tbickly settled wilb Irishmen, and eacb dislrict bas itsown clergyman; witb one ortwo exceplions tbe Irisb settlers began life (within tbe last tbirly years) having no otber capital iban a spade or a sbovel — Tbere is nothing in tbe country more admirable tbat tbe steady industry of tbese men, some of wbom count tbeir sbeep by the 100,000 and bave landed property of tbousands of acres in extent. *" '* In tbe city of Buenos Ayres, tbere is a large number of irisb bousemaids who are remarkable for tbeir uniform morality, bonesty and good con- duct. " On perusing Mr. Macdonell's interesling pam- pblet we can hardly belp being impressed witb tlio certitude, tbat be sees everytbing througb a misantbropical disposition. Not satisfied witb accusing tbe generous, disinterested Gauchos, of being revengeful, implacable, greedy of money, illiterate, addicted to gambling, etc., etc., be now abuses bis own countrymen resident in Buenos Ayres alling tbem *« an t'dle, intemperate— 36 — worthless lot, tvho but in too many instances bring dis- crcih't nol only upon Ihemselves, but their eouiitry. Mr. Macdonell adds willi a sense of palriotic re- morse " Fio doubt, there are amongst th:m nien of res- pe tability and staid character bul these are they, tcho 1 may add have been sorely deceived, in their estímate of this Republic. " Which is then the logical conclusión to be drawn, concerning Ihose Englishmen who have acquired wealth in the River Piale ? I do not know if Mr. Macdonell ñas suffi- cienlly reflected on the great harui, lie could do to Ihe enlerprise of the Argentine Central rail- road ; if all what he accumulates agninst immi- gration to the River Píate was believed, surely the lands belonging to that company, would re- niain long unpopulated. Luckily to contradict this partí pris of crilieising everylhing, there is in the Republic, no lacle of honourable and sen- sible Englishmen, who by their influence will, no doubt overbalance, in England, the misanthro- pical views and sad prophecies of the Chargé. By the by, the predicted paralysalion of immi- gration is contradicted by the following report of a very recent date. The Standard of Buenos Ayres of last March reads as follows : " Steamer after steamer enters the Plata crowded wilh strong uble bodied emigrants who all íind inslantaneous employment and wages higher than in the United States. " — 37 — And the '* Nací on " of the 1 \ Ih of February saysi ** When it was calculated that in 1873 the im- migralion would reach the number of 100,000 persons, many thought this a wild dream. We find however, now, that the number of immigrants for the month of January of this year, alone, is of 7,530. " Mr. Macdonell must have strange ideas regar- ding the responsability of Governments on the lives of the foreigners who setlle in the fron- tiers, since he prelends that those Governments should declare Ihemselves life insurance com- panies, that is, be responsible for the life and property of these settlers. Does he forget that young and rich countries have necessarily to contend with the inconve- nients of their advantages ? If the Argentine Re- public had not an immense fronlier, thousands • of unpopulated acres and many industries yet in their infaney, instead of receiving immigrants, which she can feed and enrich; like oíd Europe she would seek to get rid of an overcrowded and starving population. Surely the statesmen in the U. S. would hear- tily laugh, if any foreign diplomat had the naivelé of demanding damages, for the losses of life and property of the settlers on the frontiers. Our rural and city pólice, our penal laws, are certainly not perfect. I acknowledge that we require great and energetic reformations to pre-— 38 — !■ vent and punish crimes. But these are problems which the oldest and most avanced nations nave no yet solved. Can even civilized England boast of a perfect penal law ? No, we see every day the efforts that highminded men, make to íill the exigencies of public opinión ; they aim to reform the morality, and seek to harmonise tbe law with the neeessities of the present age. They pursuc their political ideal, and it woxild be certainly wrong for any one, to use as arms to condeinn England's civilization, the high aspirations of her statesmen ! (1) (i) The best answer to those who would persuade British subjects not to go to trie Rivor Píate, owing, as they say, to life and property not being secure there is this. W1U those who, upon that plea, warn people from going to the Argentino States, venture to affirm that the 30,000 Irish no\v in Buenos Ayres would have bcen better at home ? The following parliamentary return of outrages in four Irish counties since the passing of the Peace Prcservatioti Act will perhaps help the reader to form an opinión on the subject : - King's County April to December 1870 44 outrages. » January to February 1871 17 » Same period 1870 113 » » » 1871 29 » » 1870 81 » » » » 1871 18 » Tipperrary January to February 1870 146 » » » » 1871 21 » Westmeath » County Meath 469 As a proof of the well understood liberalism of the Argentine laws, that Mr. Macdonell seems to ignore, when he states how difficult it is for the immigrant to acquire real property ; I wish him to know that in N* America, in the greatest part of the States, foreigners cannot acquire real property, wilhout previous naturalization; with us, on the conlrary, the Government sells it very cheap and in some cases even gives it away, toge- ther with cattle, seeds and agricultural imple- inents . When I insinuated to my Government the ad- vantage ofbeing yetmore liberal with immigrants, I recommended that the colonies should be esta- blished as near as possible to navigable rivers of wicfa llf> vvere agrarian ! Instead ofbeing ln-tter at home, is it not higlily probable, judging from tbe past and pre- sent státe of írttland, tliat more of tlicm would have been murdered in their native country than liave actually been murdered in Buenos Ayres? And as for the non-appre- hensioii and execution of the murderer. if that be a plea for tbe warning that appearod, can it be a inatter of wonder if, in a country about 24 times the size of En- f-land, inhabited by about half tlie population of London only; tlie comparatively ill organised pólice of Buenos Ayres and the rural distriets, are not more successful in apprebending a culprit than the boasted Irish constabu- lary seems to be in apprebending the perpetrators of agra- rian ** outrages. " S. Webster. (Emigration to River Píate.}or to railroads; I suggested the advantage of enlarging the existing colonies, considering ihat system better tlian creating always new ones. I in- sisted on ílie necessity of previously surveying the public lands, classing tliem according to the difFerent branches of agricullure, farming, mining etc., etc., witb the view of facilitating to the immigranls a clioice before seltling. Among tbe attractions I thougbt fit to offer to tlie new comers, I suggested," periodical fairs for the pur- pose of creating markels; tbey would also be an exbibition of producís, such ascatlle, sbeep,borses, plants,trees, vegetables and seeds, and prizes would be awarded to tbose who bad the best specimens. Mr. Macdonell acknowledges tbat, under former Governments , some consideration loas manifestad towards the forciyners and some degree of responsubility assumed for the risk to ichich they zvere ejvposed in the settlement of native party differences. » Unfortunatly from México to La Piala the his- tory of cerlain claims is a sad page in the annals of european diplomacy.— Great nations ha ve always weighed too much in the balance ! Fortunately after the civil war in the United States, the international claims commission, of English and North Americans, has acknowledged the new principie of non responsability of legal Governments for the acts of rebellious subjects. And lately in the Franco Prussian war, we saw England disclaiming British subjecls' appeals for damages sustained from the belligerents — in France.— Thus a new international law principie rises, sanctioning that : " When a man settlesin a country, whicla is not bis own, he accepts, the possibility of all the risks to which that country is subject." ( Count Nesselrod to barón Brunow May 1S50 (1). In other w#rds, that foreigners can- not claim higher rights, than those which the law accords to na ti ves ! The Argentine Republic has always attended just claims, but it is to be hoped that the new international law principie will stand safely all xatitudes ! My opinión is, that international relations between Europe and America, would be easierand more friendly, if the Governments of the former thought less of protecting their nationals abroad. Are not these nationals de fació protected by the laws of the country in which they own property, they marry, they pay taxes, they live and die ? When a man passes the best years of his life away from his native land, to which he pays no taxes. to which he lends no personal ñor military aid, is it ri'ght, I say, that he should remember this land only at a given moment and then to ask protection against the country that received, sheltered and enriched him, the country in which (t) This quotation alludes to the claims of England against Tuscany and Naples, 1848-1849.— 42 — most often he found a wife, wh.ereh.iscliild.ren.were born, Ihe land in fact in which he has his Home ! On this subject an eminent linglish lawyer remarks the necessity of giving to the domicile and nationality a more intímate relation, in per- sonal s ta t ute. Mr. Macdonell, not satisfled with discrediting, our institutions, our goverriment, our people, our army, our commerce, our industries, our morality, our laws and even, our future, seizes on our climate, as a new topic for his bilious criticism. To answer him is so easy, that I only have to contend with an embarras de richesse. - I choose the following remarks from the interesting travels through South America, of learned doctor Scri- vener, his countryman. This gentleman, who has resided for many years in the River Píate, where he has many friends, is well known for his scien- tific pursuits and great honorability. » The climate of Buenos Ayres, as its ñame » indicates, is very healthy; the southweslerly » wind blowing from the Andine mounlains, » takes the ñame of Pampero, from the endless » plains (Pampas) it traverses. This wind, hailed » by the inhahitants as a messenger of health, » has the property of purifying the air and car- » rying away all miasmas in the most wonderful » manner. » The houses in this city are almost without — 43 — » exception good ; many of them are magnificent. » The apartments are lofty, the windows deseen d » to within two feet of the floor, bul some of » the rooins are narrow in proportion to their » height. All the dwelling houses in Buenos » Ayres have an interior courlyard, with a well » of rain water for the supply of the families » living under the same roof. The water is prin- » cipally used for drinking purposes. Within the » last four years, water has been abundantly » supplied to the lown by an aqueduct, bringing » it from the river from a distance of two miles, » and distributing it in iron pipes. — » The city of Gordova is situaled in a deep val- » ley on the banks of a river, amidst the most » beautiful and varied scenery : it is the second » town of importance in the ¡Argentine Confede- » ration. » Ascending from the city to the mountains, » the traveller finds every variety of climate, » with a difference of tempera ture at every » additional ascent. In these varieties of tem- » perature, he will be certain to find one that » is suitable to his complaint and agreeable to » himself. » The tops and. sidesof the mountains are partly » covered with trees and shrubs, and the soil in » the valley is rich and very fertile, producing » indian cora, wheat, barley sundry fruits and » vegetables, and. whatever the husbandman may— 44 — o desire to cultívate. Cattle, horses, mules, with » sheeps and goats, roam in large herds on most » excellent pasture- Huanacos and other wild »» animáis inhabit the mountains. The wooí of the » sheep is of a superior quality and highly prized » in llie European markets. » Tliere are mines of gold, silver, copper, and » iron,-the laller is very abundant and of good » quality; -tliere are also marble quarries, and » the marble is íine and of different colours, » limestone of an extremely wbite nature is abun- » dant : in sbort there are few spots in the worid » where nature has lavished such a variety of » animáis, vegetables, and mineral productions » as in the province of Gordova. » It must follow that with all these natural » advantages, a country producing every commo- » dity for the subsislence of man, and capable of » affording all ihat tends to the convenience and » luxury of life, will become at no distant period » the abode of a numerous, induslrious, and weal- » thy population. » For a long period, the Jesuits held their head » quarters in this Province, and they were remar- » kable for their tact and knowledge in selecting » the most healthy and fertile spots for their resi- x> dences. They erected in the capital the finest » churches in the Argentino Gonfederation; they » acquired large possessions through the pro- » vince, and they also built splendid country » houses which are models of art, taste and con- » venience.-The fine edifices at Santa Catalina, » Jesús Maria and Caraga are much admired and » visited greatly by strangers. » Those who are fond of mounlain scenery » willfind much to jilease them. The mineralogist » will see minerals and the bolanist plañís to » attract their atlention. We fully believe that » before the lapse of many years, strangers from » Buenos Ayres and other provinces, will build » cottages in these beauliful and healthy regions, » which would only require taste, in their erec- » tion, and judgment in selecting the sites, to » render them all that can be imagined as beauti- » ful as romantic. » The city of San Miguel de Tucuman, capital of » the same ñame, is the finest, with the excep- » tion of Buenos Ayres and Cordova, of all the » towns in the Argentine Confederalion, and is « built on a very fertile plain. - It has been » jusliy remarked that the Spaniards have >> always chosen thebest sitúations for their towns » and villages. The plains of Tucuman produce, » indian corn, tobáceo, rice, wheal, barley, sugar » cañe, and sundry fruits and vegetables. There » are to be seen black cattle, horses, mules, and » goats, roaming in large herds and flocks, with » a superabundance of pasture. The mountains, » about six leagues from the town, are covered » with wood and timber of the finest description.— 46 — » Caris are constructed from tlie woods of » Tucuman : tliey also furnish axle trees for th.e » water wliicli is used in the mining districls. » Tliere are, according to report, no less than » Ihree liundred species of wood, ruany of which » are adapied for tlie linest workmanship of llie » cabinet maker. » There is un exlensive grove of orange trees » about three leagues from the town, - it is de- » lightfully siluated on the side of a mountain, » which gradually, rises from the plain, and is » thickly covered from the base to tbe summit, » with timbers of various descriptions; tbe bark » of some of tbem is employed by tbe na ti ves » for tanning and dyeing. » Tbere is no country in tbe world tbat can » bold out more advantages to emigrants, than tbe » province of Tucuman. » The town of Salta is built in a íine valley, » and was founded by Sezna on April 1528, it » was called la ciudad de Sezna , but was subse- » quently changed to tbe ñame of Salta. » The productions of this province consist of » wbeat, sugar, tobáceo and cotton; but are only » sufficient for borne consumption. » There is a great variely of trees in this pro- » vince, and among them we may mention the » Sevil, Jepas, Algarobo, Ghatchal, Pacavay,Urun- » dal, Nogal, Juchan and Quebracho : they are » íine and very high trees, with large spreading — 47 — » branches, and are employed for objeets of » common utility. The bark of the Sevil is used » for preparing hide skins and that of the Juchan » as a substitute for soap. » The valleys in this province afíbrd an ex- » cellent pasturage, the soil is fine and of a sa- » Iine nature, and parlicularly adapted for the » fattening of mules; thousands of these animáis » are brought from the other provinces for this » purpose. » There are large sugar plantations in the dis- » tricls of Campo Santo and Orvan; the formerare » worked by a tribe of Indians, called Matacos, » who come from the borders of the river Ber- » mejo. The sugar cañe grows luxuriantly in these » valleys and large quantities of sugar loa ves, >» molasses, and ruin are made from the juice of » it. » One of the most valuable vegetable productions » in this province is the Coca (Coca Try- » throxylon), where it was inlroduced about a » century ago from Perü : it ranks after the » Cascarilla for the services it has rendered to » mankind (l). » It is not known where the Coca was first » discovered, but it ruust have been at an y> early period, probably under the Incas. lis (i) See paper on the Coca leaf and its uses in diet and medicine publised by Churchill, in 4871.— 48 — » production was very great during the Spanish » sway, for it then becairie an article of im- » portance to the Indians. Previous to that period, » according to Prescott, it was reserved for the » Incas and nobles of the country. » According to an article in the Tribuna of » Buenos Ayres, the Indians of Períi refer to mys- » tic traditions for the origin of this plant. They » say that Manco Capac, the divine son of the sun, » descended in the primitive epoch from the rocks » of the Lake Titicaca, and bestowed the light >> of bis father upon the poor inhabilants of the » country; that he gave them a knowledge of » the gods, taught them the useful arts and » agriculture, and presented them wilh the Coca, » that divine plant, which satisfies the hungry, » gives strength to the weak, and malees them » forget their naisforlunes. » There are difFerent opinions of the properties » of the Coca, for, according to some writers, » it contains a small quantity of some nar- » cotic, which intoxicates those who mastícate it; » whilst others affirm, as cited by Presscott, that » its; effeets are similar and equally injurious to » the masticalion of tobáceo. » The properties of the Coca are variable accor- » ding to the quantity employed : it is a stimu- » lant, a tonic, slightly narcotic, and very » nourishing : it possesses an agreeable aroma, » and a similar flavour to that of tea ; and like — 49 — » that plant is frequently employed, in the form » of an infusión, in slight disorders of the » stomach. The Coca is a shrub which grows to » about six feet in height, and abounds in the >> fertile valleys of San Carlos and Molinos in this » province. The peasants chevv it with the same » pleasure and advanlage as the Indians of Perü. » Jujuy is the remotest northern province in » the Argéntine Confederution, and about ten lea- » gues from Salta : it contains but a small popu- » lation. This province is rich in mineral produc- » lions : there are mines of gold, silver and » copper. Petroleum, Coal, and other valuable » produclions have lately been cliscovered in » great abunda , which, in the course of time, » will be a source of wealth to the Republic. » Sanitary character of the northern province of the » Argentine Con federa tion. » It is believed by many physicians, that the » beneficial effeets of a cJimale is altogelher, » or in a greater part due to the elevation of the » soiJ, and not to the degree of latitude (1), I » have traversed the mountains of Perú on many » occasions and am therefore able to form an » opinión on the salubrity of the climate, as well » as that on the route through the northern » provinces of the Argentine Con federa tion, from (t) See Paper-Argentiue Republic-Sanitary character of tbe mountains of Gordo va,, published in 1869.— so — » the mountains of Cordova to the sliores of » tlie Pacific. All over that vast tract of land, » that fatal enemy to mankind tubercular phthi- » sis, so justly feared by the natives of Buenos- » Ayres is entirely unknown. During a residence » of nearly ten years in ditferent and widely spread » districts, I never saw or heard, either directly » or indirectly, Ihrough my intercourse with » others, of the existence of that disease. In tlie » movintains of Cordova, as well as in all tlie » northern provinees, the patient will íind his » disease alleviated and in time removed, (let » him come from wkat cmarler of the globe he » may,) by the hand of nature. There, pulmo- » nary complainls are never known to origínale, » and there, Ihose who suffer from it, on the » borders of the River Píate, seek and íind a >> permanent cure for their ailmenls proceeding » from all aífections of the lungs. « The Mountains of Cordova would be prefe- » rabie to the Andine heigths of Perú, as being » nearest to the River Píate and containing a » great variety of objecls to divert the attention » and amuse. The facility of transport, the » shortness of the passage, combined with a well » founded hope of renovating the heallh, will be >» of themselves sufficient reasons for un derla- » king the journey. The passage from England » to Buenos Ayres may be made in so short a » period as twenly four days. There are twenty — Si — « lines of steamers which leave Europe and » arrive at Buenos Ayres every month. From » this port you embark in a steamer for the port » of Rosario, at which you, arrive in about » eighteen hours. From thence you take the » Argenline Central Eaihvny, and arrive at the » city of Cordova on the same day. Here >• commences the sewanias, or mountain districts, » which exlend lo the Valley of Rimac, compri- » sing an área of about a thousand leagues. - » We believe that at no dislant period, a public » establishment will be founded in the moun- » lains of Cordova, for use of consumptivo jia- » tients. Should this be the case, we can vouch » that Hiere will be no lack of visilors willing » lo support the establishment, anxious to » aid it by their means, in exchange for the » beneíits they have received there. •i It becomes a matter for serious considera- » tion, whether it would not be well for patients a suffering from pulmonary consumplion, to seek » the renovation of their health in these salu- » brious climates, in preference lo the Island of » Madeira, Italy, and the south of France, where » these diseases are known to origínate , and » where hundreds have gone without obtaining » any advantages, and many with positivo evil » results. » * There is something, says M. Burkhardt, » like the sound of a death knell in the physi-» cian's mándate sending tlie sick patient to those » places and scenes wliere so many fellow » sufferers nave preceded him, in vain search » for health and found a grave.' In the mouu- » tains of Cordova, the patient will not ha ve » before his imagination the ph-antoms of num- » berless victims, his predecessors in the same » hopeless career, to cast the shadow of death » upon a being already depressed in. mind hy » disease, loneliness and pining after the familiar » sights and sounds he may perhaps never meet » again. There on the contrary, he will he in » the midst of all that is grand, a thousand » magnificent objects will excite his attention, » and divert his mind from his unliappy ma- » lady, on which he will not dwell; bnt on » well founded hopes of a perfect recovery and » a speedy retnrn to his family and friends. " » The four seasons of the year are distinclly » marked in the Argentine Confederation : the » wealher is not very cold in the latter season. » though occasionally cloudy and wet : it is » generally very dry wilh a cool clear atmosphere, and free from frost and fogs. The thermo- » meter never falls below zero, except in the » most northern and southern provinces of the » Country. I have never seen snow or frost upon » the ground in those parts 1 have visited. The » mean temperature of this season is between » 46 and US°. Fahrenheit. — The heat is occa- — 53 — >> sionally excessive in the summer months, par- » ticularly in January ; but this is properly said » of the plañís, as in many locaiities between » them and the mountains, are more or less cool » by elevalion, more or less sheltered, and vary » very much in this résped. The mean tempe- » rature ranges between 72 and 75 degrées » Fahrenheit, but may reac hoccasionally on » the plains to 90 degrees. The temperature is » apt lo rise during the summer nights four and >> íive degrees, when there is a complete calm v> or an enlire absence of wind . The rainy » season occurs during the autumn, but is » irregular in its time of coniing. It generally » commences about the end of May or commen- » cement of June, and exlends to the end of » September. It seldom rains more Iban two >> days together, and then the rain is not cons- » tant. The clouds gradually disperse, and the » sun sliines brightly in a clear blue slcy. - »» During the months of July and August de- » ciduous trees begin to lose their leaves, and » do not regain them till the spring, not- » withstanding the country presents a green » appearance all the year round, as there is » a great variety of evergreen trees, among >> which are the Orange, Lemon, and Lime trees. » The storms which occasionally take place » in the Summer and Autumn months are grand » and magnificent ; the sun like a fiery hall,— 34 — » tlie wide and frequent lightning tlie thunder » in deafening peáis llie darle masses of clouds » the air charged with electricily, llie powerful » gusts of wind, and a deluge of rain. Those í> in Autumn come with gales of ilie soulh, » and llie varied shapes and colours, blending » into eacli otlier in ílie sky, surpasses all » power of description. » In a paper pnblished in llie Medical Times » and Gazelte of February 17, I liave given a » sliort account of tlie epidemic of Vellos" fever » in tlie port of Buenos Ayres in 1858 and of » its reapparance in 1871 . « We niay be jiardoned *or repealing llial » the climate of Buenos Ayres is very healthy. » We saw tlie beneficial effecl of a pampero » during llie epidemic of Yellorw fever in 185S » for it disappeared as by a spell ; Ibere were » no Btw cases of the fever as soon as Ibis » wind blew. « Tbe diseases incidenL lo llie inbabitanls of » tbe nortbern provinces, of which I liave given » a descriplion, are not so numerous, and perliaps » not as severe as lliose in Europe, "\vhicli may be » attributed to llie pureness of tbe air, lo Ibe •> conslruction of tbe houses, which are spacious •> and well venlilaled, with large courtyards, lo » tbe cleanliness of tbe lower classes, and lo li- *> ving a great deal in tbe open air.- We may » coníidently assert tbal tbere is no counlry in — So — » Ibe world with finer and more healthy cli- » mates, and where nature bas bestovved such »j a variely of valuable productions as in tbe »> Argenline Confederalion. » See paper on Diseases of tbe nortbern provinces publisbed in 1869. One of tbe reasons I bad for selecling Dr Scri- vener's rapport, is tbe circumstance of bis natio- nality and tbe bigb reference of bis medical works I saw in an englisb paper the " Medical Times and Oazetle." About colonies on "whicli IVIr. IVlacdonell insists with such a marlced good will, altriough Ibis is a subject worth volumes; not having the leisure to Ireat it Avilh all tbe necessary deptli, I will limit myself to some considerations, wlucli will bowever throA\' a new lighl, I hojie^ on such an interesting topic. The Charc/é begins by criticising the government for not ofíicially drawing the immigration, and he forgels that in the Uniled States the case is llie same : the government does not constitute itself an ageney for immigration^ or colonisation, these are malters of privale in- terest.— The contrary system has given recenlly, bad resulls in Brazil : this proves that we are in llie rigbt. Mr. Macdonell adds that, immigralion to the Argentine Republic being unassisted, the government has crrorteously reehoned on fostering it, by the sale of— 56 — large tracts of land to individuáis or companies, at a price, tvhichy hotvever modérate, is a souree of revenue to the State or Province. - This assertion proves liow slightly llie Chargé has inquired into Ihe origin of our colonies. - In tlie province of Buenos Ayres, we lia ve tlie colonies of Baradero, Ghubut and. Rivadavia, which are founded on land, givcn gratis, to tlie settlers by Ihe govern- ment; this is also the case in these of Entre Ríos, Corrientes, El Chaco and Santa Fé, as can he proved by official documenls. — « The law *> given on the 18th. June 1866, adjudges all the » lands between tbe rivers Paraná and Saladillo, v> to the foundation of agricultural colonies. » The law of 2&th. August 1866, grants hO » leagues of land, as perpetual property, to all » such families and individuáis, as will agree to » cultívate them. - Tlie laws of the 3 and 4th. >•> September 1866, grant large tracts of land and » found the colonies 3 th. of February, and. » 9th. July, in the department of Rosario. » Santa Fé besides the land grants, furnishes » victuals and teams of cattle for the space of one » year, which the imiuigrants can repay at » easy terms. » (Digesl of National laws, and laws of the provinces of Cor- rientes, Entre Ríos, Santa Fé and. Buenos Ayres) . — 57 — If Mr. Macdonell liad visited personally the colo- nies, he treats with so much conternpt, he would liave drawn difFerent conclusions. - I quote the following lines to contradict Mr. Macdonell's assertion, that, with the exception of those of San Carlos and Esperanza the rest of the colonies are in a state of partial or complete failure. - « The « niails to hand also furnish abundant material » for refutation of the unfounded assertions made » against English emigrution to the Argentine » Republic by Mr. Macdonell, late British Chargé » d'affaires in the River Píate. - Mr. Wilclcen. » secrelary of the immigration commission, ap- » pointed by the Argentine nalional government, » in an official report, just imblished, has exhibi- » ted facts , of a conclusive character, in proof » of the remarkable prosperity of colonial com- » munities in Santa Fé and Entre Rios. - In » tbirty four colonies, in these provinces , are » settled 3,185 families, possessing cultivated » land and stock of the estimaled valué of » £ 1,864,359 giving an average of £ 585 for » each family. This statement is in ilself a suf- » ficient vindication of the representations the » friends of the Argentine Confedera tion ha ve » always made, with respect to its merits , as a » field for European emigration, and we aslc » Mr. Macdonell, and the advocates of his views in » the newspaper press of this country, to point »> out any agricultural population in the United— 58 — » King-dom where the same can be said of an » equal number of families, who eigbt or ten » years ago, were, like these colonists in tlie » Argentine Republic quite deslitute of olhers » means tban tlieir OWD induslry and labour. » Nolwithstanding the persistent efforts of inte- » rested opponents, the inflow of emigration inlo v> tlie Kei>ublic was uncliecked and tbe price of » labour was still very high, owing to tbe » demand for labour in connection with tbe nu- » merous railways and otber public worlca in pro- >> gress. -Tbe wages obtainable by tbe labourer » are far more favourable tban tbose current in » the United States. (Brazil and River Píate Mail » Marcb 8tli. 1873). » CENTRAL ARGENTINE COLONIES. « We bavepleasure in piiblishing tbe following » extracts from tbe report of Mr. Secretary Wil- » cken, as publisbed in tbe ' Buenos Ayres Stan- »> dard ' of January 30lh, 1873 : Behtnstadt. » So called from the Swiss settlers, is at tbe » Roldan station, four leagues by rail from Rosa- » rio. It was the íirst of tbe Central Argentine — 30 — » colonies. The first balch of twenly-five families » arrived from Swilzerland in Marcb, 1870, and » found houses, welís, furmiiig irnplements. etc., » in readiness for thern on the grouiul. A second » batch arrived tbree monfhs Jater ; and the » colony now comprises 385 famiJies, who have » 594 farms under cullivation. Tlio Comj)any ad- » vanced most of thern free passage, farm imple- » menls, foo> posed of. Tlie colony possessess two extraordi- » nary advantages, in ils entire security from » Indians and the easy access to Rosario, lliat » market being less tban an liour's journey by » railway. At Bernstadt Ibe Company bave esta- » blished a model fann of 330 acres for acclima- » tizing plañís and Irees. A small new colony is » being marked otit at San Gerónimo, two leagues » further along the railway ; área of 800 acres. » The success of Bernstadt is tbe raost sur- » prising in the annals of this country. Although » little over two years oíd, its populalion exceeds » that of any other colony in the River Píate, » and the colonists have already &O,0O0 acres » under tilla ge. Cainada Gómez. » Is a lirst-class English selllement. The first » settler, Mr. Paul Krell, has 830 acres fenced » in under tillage, and reaped, last year, 9,00O » qq. of wheat and maize. Tíie farm-house and » agricullural machinery are probably unrivalled » in the country. The other farms are in lots of » 40U acres each, chiefly under wheat, bu.t » Messrs. hope are planting flax on a large scale, o Mr. West reaped in 1870 120 acres of wheat » and lOO of maize. Not far removed are the » admirable farms of Las Lomas and Las Ro- » sas-belonging to Eiiglishmen, who have spent » large fortune in imporling prizehorsesandcattle, » superior machinery, etc. Garretl's treshing ma- » chine, which took tlie prize at Córdoba, a » steam plougli, and other íirst-class farming im- » plements, are in use at Callada Gómez. The » cricket club counts sixty membe.cs, the Central » Argentine Company having given the ground " free. A site of Zi.00 acres is marked out for a » town, 130 quintas of four each around it. The » ground is high, and commands a fine view. » Water excellent ,varying from fifteen lo forty » feet. Wheat gives tbirty for one. Flax also » yields splendidly. The colony forms the third >> station on the railway, and is fourteen leagues » from Rosario. There are 131 farm lots of 10O » acres sold or rented to English, Germán, and » other settlers, the total populalion being 335, » of whom 200 are Protestants. Mr. Heiland, of » Mecklemburg, wlio carne out in 186G, wasthree » years in charge of Krell's estáte, and has now » a farm of 800 acres of bis own. His iinprove— >> ments in planting, etc., are wonderful, and al- » though he landed here without money, he is» wortli o ver 4í 2,000. Mr. Krell has expended a » largo sum on steam plough, steam Ihresher, » patent reapers, etc., besides irnporling bloocl » cattle. His stock comprises 2,000 cows andhor- » ses and A,O0O sheep. Tlie Krell estáte covers » 6,000 acres. Near tlie oíd villaje of Cañada » Gómez tlie Corapany lias rented out 1,000 » acres among thirty native families. There are » 200 farm-lols 109 acres to be disposed of. GarcaraSa. » On tlie river of the same ñame, nine leagues^ » from Rosario, is anolher of the Central Argen- » tine colonies, offering the same conditions and » advantages as Bernstadt. It covers eight square » leagues of fine, rolling counlry, on eilher side » ofllie river. Well water is good, but sixty feet » deep. FavouraMe soil for wlieat and potatoes. » A town is projected near llie railway slalion; » building lols of fifty feet front are given gratis » Tlie colony is only a year oíd, and tbere are » already 168 farms nnder cultivation, ZiOO more » remaining to be taken up. The populalion is » 510, including 100 Proteslants, ; eighty-nine » families are occupied in farming, and tbirteen » in the village. They are mosüy French and » Swiss, with a few Italians and JEnglish. It is » tbought this colony will even beat Bernstadt, » the lands being bigber and better, and the sett- — 63 — » lers first-class Frencb farmers. The Company » is forming a model farra of 1,000 acres on the » far side of the Carcaraíla. Tortugas. » The fourthCentral Argentine colony, is on the » frontier line of Santa Fé and Cordova. It was » formed, in 1871, of thirty-four families iinpor- » ted from Lombardy and Piedmont, who liave » thirty-nine farms of eighty acres nnder tillage. » The land is the best on the route to Cordova. the plains remaining green even in dry sea- » sons. The managers house is surrounded by » the others, each ocuppied by a family. The sett- » lers are all Catholics, and there are 529 farms >» yet to be disposed of. The colony has an área » of four square leagues. The total population. » including some settlers further on, is 262. » Mr. Wilclcen also calis special attention to the » floLirishing growth of the Central Argentine » colonies, began only two years ago, amounling » already to 3,000 souls, with 100,000 acres un- » der crops, and in a table shows Ihe date of » foundation of each of the Companies colonies, » among others the present population, and the » number of fanegas obtained in the crop of » 1872, as follows :Ñame. Date. Bernstadt. . . . 1870 Callada Gómez 1870 Carcaruiia . . 1871 Tortugas .... 1871 Population. -2,000 335 510 262 Crop. 8,500 5,000 (Brazil and River Píate, Mail March 22. 1873.) WHAT A GOLONIST CAN" DO. « By tlae Italo-Platense stenmer, wliich left » tliis port last Tuesday for Genoa, lliere ^ent » as passenger a Piedmontese numed Domingo » Stapinata, a premiumed colonist of San Carlos » in the province of Santa Fé, a most unpreten- » ding, liardworking, and inlelligent man. » Tlae premium given to tlais person by tlie » National Government is a free passage to and >> from Europe, and what better course could » tbe Government adopt for attracting emigra- » tion to tbis counlry Iban to send a snccessful » man to tell bis own simple tale to bis own » countrymen ? » Domingo Stapinata is tbe bearer to bis native » land of 200 ozs. of silk-worms eggs or seed, » wortb from 25 to 80 fr. p. oz., according to » quality. » We tbink sucb an amount of Ibis seed bas — 65 — » never before been taken from tbese countries » to Europe, and if tbis mucli can, as proved, be » raised by a singlo family, we consider tbat » an almost unlimilcd amount botb of eggs and » silk will, before long, be raised in tbe upper » provinces, wbicb are so well adapted for tbe » industry. We may stato tbat tbe seed from » wbicb tbe above was raised was procurcd by » Oldendorff, tbe director of tbe National de- » partment of Agricullure, from tbo establisbment » of Mr. Bentefu.hr in Buenos Ayres, and taken » to tbe colony of San Carlos by Mr. Wilcken » wlien on bis tour of inspection last autumn, » representing a valué of about 8,O0O fr., is tbo » product of G montbs work; and if sucb a result » bas been obtained witb tbe limited means and » appliances available in a private family, mucb » greater may be espected wben tbe company » now being formed among tbe colonists tbem- » selves be organized. x> We bear tbat Don Domingo Stapinata will, on » bis return, bring witb bim all tbe necessary » macbinery and appliances , wben buildings » suitable for tbe business will be erected, and » wbicb are so very necessary, tbe worm in » man y of its stages being remarkably delicate » and susceptible to atmospberic cbanges. » But let us turn to tbe bistory of Domingo » Stapinata as given by Mr. Wilcken, and, in » doing so, we would cali tbe particular attention I— 66 — » to it of all tliose wlio are unwilling to allow » that this is a good counlry for working-men » to emigrate to : — The family Stapinata. » Domingo Stapinata, of Piedniont, arrived at » the colony witb his family comprised of his » wife and five children, in the year 1866. He » was able to pay the passage from Europe, but » when lie arrived at the colony- lie was withoul » money. By liard work and economy tliis family, » in tlie sliort space of six years, lias acquired:- » Six concessions of 20 squares of land (about » 80 acres), and a capital of from U to 5,000 Boli- » vian dols. (about & 800), which is put o ut at » interest. » On tbe principal grant tbey bave li or 5 brick » buildings, some witb tile roof, otlaers witb » tbatcb, and all kinds of agricultural imple- » ments, including a Buckley reaping- machine. » A large plantation or nursery of mulberry » plants, from 7 to 8 feet bigb, covering abotit balf » a square of land, and containing thousands of » plants, forms a conspicuous object. » Tbe women of tbe family occupied tbemsel- » ves for two years in tbe cultivation of tb.e silk » worm, but tbe two daugbters baving- married » during tbe last year tbey were unable lo con- » tinne tbis interesting occupation. » Don Domingo proposed, bowever, to Irans- » plant last year tbe mulberry plants and » place tbem round tbe fences of his six lots. » Tbe family lived economically, wilbout, de- » priving tbemselves of the pleasures of a good » lable, at which boiled and roast meat, wilb an » abundance of excellent vegetables, are parta- » ken of, togetber Avilb good Carlon wine. Tbe » family never go to tbe pulperías. » The histories of other families of the colon- »> nists, as jmblished by Mr. AVilcken, are wortby » of perusal, and no stronger argumenls for in- » ducing emigration to these countries could be » into the hands of emigration agents than the » facls to be culled from Mr. "Wilcken's instruc- » tive work. - " Buenos Ayres Standard. " » (Brazil and River Piale Mail April 3d. 1873). » In answer to the anonymous lelter of a dis- contented colonist, I give the following, theyr need no commentary. (Dr. Baumgartner to his father in Nadau) (Swilzerland) Baradero Colony. « The land is wonderfully fertile, the products n sel! direclly. Every laborious person can pos- » sess after a few years a lio use and garden » and íinds herself in an easy and happy position. » And the economical agriculterer is sure of a » future prosperity. This province has no equal » in regard to the richness of the soil and the » climate is one of the healthiest possible.Nüeva California 21st. of August 1867. » I received last Sunday your aimiable letler » and in answer to tbe wisb yon express of know » ing all about our colony ond our progress I say. » We took possesion of our lands in. September » of last year, we raeasured lliem, and began to » plough tbem. It vas ratlier late to plante maize » bowever rny two sons and I witb six pair of » oxen, liave managed to reap two hundred fane- » gas of this vegetable. Tliis year we have liO acres >> of wlieat and just now it looks glorious ! I never » saw any, so elegant, in tlie Unites States, besi- » des tbis we bave ÜO acres of tilled land, for » my part I intend to plougb it over again cross- » ways. Moreover 20 acres of land wbere I am » going to plant waternielons and squasbes. We » bave also splendíd vegetable gardcns and fruit » trees, we bave planled 20O fruit trees and tbey » are getting on nicely. In all I bave about 10O » acres of cultivated land and I work hardon it. » Mr. Mac Lean bas about tbe same quantity » of corn and wbeat I bave. Tbe colonist are » merry and bappy and we aro all inigbtily » pleased vith tbe Gbaco. I reekon all we need » to lurn it inlo a regular £>aradise are two or » tbree bundred families of good american labou- » rers. » WlJLLIAM P. MOORE. Baradero April 24 th. 18C4. To tbe Secretary of tbe Commitee of immigra- tion in Buenos Ayres. « We bave tbe pleasure to let yon know, tbat » we are all very well; everybody is as kind as » possible. » We live at balf a league from tbe vilJage, » on tbe road to tbe college of tbe colony. » If any immigrants from tbe cantón of Fri- » bourg (Switzerland) arrive, please, tell them to » come bere especially if among tbem are B. and » I). We bave bere some families from Fribourg » wbo make from 1500 to 200O francs wortb, of » potato crops yearly , tbey bave saved between » 20,000 and 30,000 francs in five years. AVe remain, Sir, witb great respect, Yours. Jacques Gümv, and bis wife Marie , Jean Gumv, and bis wife Jose- pbine (from Ecuvilens cantón de Fribourg). We could give bundreds like tbe above, but tbink it useless and refer tbose wbo wisb to know more on tbe subject to M. Cbarles B. Ber- nard's, Manuel de Vemigrant, Stepben Webster's Trealise on Immigration to tbe Biver Píate, Jacopo Virgilio's Migrazioni Transallantiche, M. G. and Hulball's, Hand Book of tbe Kiver Píate etc., etc. A few words more; I cannol but wonder, bow in an official doenment, tbe Chargé uses, against— 70 — the government and th.e people, of the Argen- tino Republic, expressions which lack that ele- ganl polish and. high dignity, so essential in cli- plomatical despalch.es. In regard to bis assertion that English subjects have been forcibly enlisted, in the army of the Republic, it is wiser to drop the subject, since the British Chargé makes no allnsion to any ofíicial protest made by him, in so serious an emergency ; bixt as these topics might carry me too far, I discard them for the moment. I have done my ulmost to show the Argen- tino Republic in its true light, tearing away the dark veil which Mr. MacdonelJ ñas tried to throw over my country. If I have failed, in my efforts, to show her as she is liberal, prosperous and ready lo give a new and happy home to those who are so much in need of one ; I have the certitude that nothing can now arrest tlie streain of immigration and capitals from Europe to America : the oíd world overcrowded with men and money, must necessarily íind an outlet in the new one. This is the law of pro- gres s. BU. R. GARCIA. Paris, May 1873. linilUIIII CINTRALE DM CHEMINS DI TEB.-A. CHAIX ZT C¡«, «C» UStlI, 30, A PARIS__7573-3