THE ir i\ nnnii OFFIOIAL PUBLIOATION. BUENOS AYEKS: STAKDABD rilIKTING-OFFICE, 74 CALLE BEL» H ANO. 1869.THEWlIINmiyiT. PRESIDENT LOPEZL^^S.) OFFICIAL PAPERS, TAKEN BY THE ALIVIES, IN THE ASSAULT OF DEC. 27, 1868, AND OTHER AUTHENTlC DOCUMENTS. WITH AN INTRODUCTION. Translated and Ptiblished by order of the Argentine Government. BUENOS AYBE3: STANDARD PRINTINQ-OFFICE, 74 CALLE BELQRANO. 1889.'Jil I OBI Ti b -ii-»«! í lo doq ;.iri' v/cii Ji¡;!> batí i i alru ./. :>>. Imi . t i • iio;Jnii.I Xntpotfuctiatt. i. The Argentine Government has ordered the publication of the documents and papers found in the campaiguing desk of Marshal Solano López, President of Paraguay, on the 27th December, 1868. Many more, of equal importance with these, wcrc lost in the confusión consequent upon the iight, and some are omitted as being redundant, although they contain data of great utility for the iiistorian. The depositions made by Paraguayan oílieers taken prisouers, by Argentines, and by several foreigners, which are also added, are incompleto; yet, in as far as they are genuine and sponta- neous, they may serve as indications, although they cannot be adduced as proofs. To make the proof complete a deponent— in a case like this—must confess to bis being guilty, either as accomplice or participator, a confession which few are willing to make. Those whose duty it is to execute the orders of air tyrant like López can seldom escape sharing the reaponsibility of their deeds. The publication of these papers will enable all the nations that have shown an interest ia the Paraguayan war to form an estímate of the morality and justicc of the war waged by the Allies. The correspondence of Mr. Washburn, the North American Minister, took the world by surprise, when it was known on such high authority that sympathy had been bestowed on the worst of tyrants, under the impression that López was defending the honor of his people, whilst in reality he had only issued forth to rob and conquer his neighbors, without any previous declaration of war, and afterwards refused (heroically sheltering himself behind trenches, made at points that werc inaccessible) to gi»e any satisfaction to the aggrieved parties It may truly be said that Europe, in the Paraguayan question, was innocent of its ownopinión. The lengthy note of the Paraguayan Minister in Paris shows how publicopinión was formed in Europe.thanks to the falsehoods spread through the Paraguayan Legations, the statements of newspapers which, for pecuniary considerations, had become violent partisans, and the pamphlets and wise suggestions of an Argentine, to whom the Paraguayan Minister pays the following well-earned tribute :— Dr. Albeidi has underUken the defence of Paraguay with the greatcst disintorestedneas, and with an ability which unfortunately none of u», Y.E.'a -wnts, who have the honor of serving our country in Europe, poeseas to so entinent a dogroe. Dr. Alberdi ia an autliority in the queationa whoee isaue ia now aought by forcé of arma in the Uivor Píate. Thi» gentlenian doubta wbether Y.E. U fully aware of his true and aincere attachnv nt to the cause au-tained by Y.E., with ao much glory and auccees; he doubta more partieubu-ly wbether Mr. Barreiro haa informed Y.E. minutuly as to hia diapoaitiona and active proc-edinga in favor of Paraguay. If Dr. Albeidi abatained during the latter part of Mr. Barreiro'b miaaion from taking any active and direct atepa in favor of Paraguay and the Oovernnjent of the Republic, it waa due to the atrange dúpooition he rcmaiked in tho youthíul agent. Now a moet cordial understundiiiB exisU betweon ua. GliEUORIO BENITkZ, raraguaya» MtmitUr í» Fart». ¡ Not so in republican America, both South and North. Ever since the begiuning of the war public opinión, both in the United States and among South American nations, has been hostile to the Allies, and has rebellel against every proof that tended to show how unjust were its appreciations. The less obstínate granted at most that the Argentine Republic had been right at the begiuning of the war, as long as it limited itself to driving back an invasión of its territory, -which had in no wise been provoked ; but, by a process of reasoning that fortunately has no parallel in history, it was considered that as soou as the invaded territory had been re-conquered the war ought to have been abandoned, and no excuse was even admitted for the alliance entered into with Brazil, which also had been invaded and plundered. Seldom "has history presented an instance of such perfect unanimity on the part of all nations in favor of injustice and against those who only defend their own rights. Time and histórica! criticism set straight such crooked notions sooner or later, but uot before they have produced a certain amouut of mischief. "Who has not felt angry against Napoleón for having, according to his contemporaries, broken the peace of Amiens, or against Grouchy for kaving abandoned him at Waterloo? Time has, nevertheless, proved that England caused the rupture, and that Grouchy did not know, because by neglect he was not informed in time, that a new battle made the victory of Mont Saint Jean doubtful. It is, nevertheless, always instructivo pnd curióos to know the motives of such errors, and in th:s instance it is not «uper- fluous briefiy to allude to them. In the United States the motive is to be found in the want of proper information respecting this part of the world. The libraries of the Oíd World contain several works in English, publishcd at the beginning of the century, and giving a description of these countries.vi The narrativeof Renger and Longchamps.Robertson's Letters on Paraguay and on Francia's ruthless dietatorship, gave for a time lustre to the country which hadearned thc nameof American China, and to tlie gloomy Dictator who gave that character to his country. But half a century of silence had effaced Paraguay from the memory of distant nations, and cven its neighbors on the same Contínent did not know the bcings that called themselves Paraguayans, since these were never to be seen bej ond the limits of tlieir own territory. A visible sign, considered unerring, made public opinión in the United States decide as to which side was right. The Paraguayan Republic was dcfending itself heroically against the onslaught of thc Brazilian Empire, and a verdict was given without calling for evidence and without appeal. The heroic rcsbtance of so small a Republic against Allies so powerful/created among all nations that sympathy which is ever fclt for the weak, the suffering, and those who defend their own homes ; and whcn public opinión allows itself to be affected by these gencrous feelings it neither looks closely to facts ñor stops to scrutinize dctails. Yet there was no lack of heroism on the part of the Allies in attacking impregnable fortresses surrounded by marshes and primitive forests, and in transporting soldiers, provisions, horses, and warlike implements to a distance of more than 400 Icagues. There was some heroism in overcoming all this, after foúr years hard aud sanguinary fíghting. In South America, on the other hand, another feeling tended to embitter more and more the public spirit. We need not take into account the common prejudice against the monarchical formof the empire, strengthened by the gigantic struggle that hadbeen going on in México to save republican insti- tutions, so decply compromised, ñor compare the difference of languages bctwccn the dcscendants of Portugnese and Spaniards, a<*.companicd by the traditional hatred transplnnted from the Península, and studiouslj cultivated in America from thc Orinoco vii to the Uruguay, during a strife of three cenluries with the Empire, whose confines touch almost all the American República. The true cause of the antipathy against the Allies, without distinction of republicans or imperialista, proceeded from the fact that the treaty of alliance fixed certain territorial limits to Paraguay, narrowing apparently those that had been formerly recognised, or pretended as such, by Paraguay ; and this was taken as an indication that the true ebject and motive of the war was the traditional and persisting Portuguese policy, inherited by its dcscendants, of increasing the Brazilian territory, a policy which threatened, like the invading waves of a sea beating against the shore, to dismember piecemeal the Repubhcs of Spanish origin, aud enable the Brazilian map to extend as far as the River Píate to the South and the Andes to the West. This was the s«icret cause of the aversión against the Allies felt throughout South America, from Venezuela to Chile, and henee followed that all ranged themselves against justice itself, and were led into frequent and unanimous public manifestations, which were even countenanced by governments. If Chile was less interested in this questíon of unoecupied territories, a question of which Paraguay figured as the champion, it had, on the other hand, a motive in its proximity to the Argentine Republic, and in the refusal of the latter to be dragged into a participation of the semi-war with Spain, which had lost the character of an American war, given it by the oceupation of the Chinchas Islands, and which at first the Argentine Republic. had accepted as such with decisión. The very mystery that surrounded Paraguay had no small share in keepiug alive the sympathies in its favor, which the above motives had raised. The vulgar prose of our political squabbles tends toestrange all interest from us, who are so little known to the world. For those who watch us from afar, our prominent position can be summed up in one proposition, anarchy or war.viii Paraguay could be supposed to be endowed with all the gifts ■yre so anxiously longed for ourselvcs. For some it was a young and vigorous Republic, for many the patriarchal Edén described in the Cartas Edificantes, and López, another Kosciuzko, who had risen to save this new Poland, doomed to dismemberment. ir. The curtain has, however, been raised, and in the presence of a nation decimated, a country destroyed, formiDg the wind up of the most cruel war, -without excepting the civil war of the United States, that has occurred in this century, it is well to pause borrified and explain the causes that have strengthened the tyrant, and brought about the sacrifico of an entire popula- tion, Bince those who have survived of more than ten years of age, not including the prisoners taken by the Allied armies, do not exceed a few thousands. On the day following the fight of the 27th December, it -was not the the moundsof corpsescf the combatants in decomposition that disturbed the sleep of the conquerors, but the cry of children from ten to twelve years, whose shrill voice, peculiar to their tender age, carne from the military bospitals. One hundred and fifty thousand Paraguayans have perished, out of a population which did not exceed 600,000 inhabitants, and of which some believe (Dr. Stewart among others) that not more than 80,000, between «ornea and children, survive. "Women, too, have been decimated, by disease, forced to agricultural labor, and to being moved about and driven from one extreme of the territory to the othcr, without any regard for social rank or condition. Democracy, with the exception of slaves (slavery still exists in Paraguay), was more exacting there, owing to the tyrant's jealousy of the white families, and of wealthy and intelligent people, who could question the justice of his cause. ix Whence carne this astounding prodigy of the self-denying obedience of an entire people, nnanimous in the one feeling of fighting until all were swept away ? Lopez's proclaroations always insisted on this ; and what elsewhere would have been simply a rhetorical figure has been in this instance a terrible reality. We can only cursorily investígate the primary causes of so strange a phenomenon. The European spirit, that which is civilised and Christian, seeks in its own vocabulary and in its own feelings an explana- tion of thesc faets. But the truth can only be reached through an exactly contrary process, by showing why and how long these feelings had been wanting, and point out the new and strange forms which, under extraordiuary circumstances, they had assumed. III. Paraguay lies amid secular forests, alone, isolated, at a distance of 500 leagues from the coast of the Atlantic, and it is now half a century since it was cut off from the restof mankind. None of the ideas or institutions that for the last century have dawned on the earth had penetrated iato Paraguay, and yet it is in this very century that all the great social changes have taken place in Europe. Paraguay was a closed book when the López family inherited it, and they took up the key that locked it and that lay near the corpse of oíd Francia, who, in his tura» had likewíse received it sealed up and shut off from all contact with new ideas, at the hands of the Jesuit Fathers, who colonised it now two centuries ago. Such is the history of Paraguay. It is, morally, what Australia is physically, a fragment of the Oíd World. The popular masses impress to natious their character, until civilisation, coming from above, penetrates and modifies them.The singular and strange civil, political, and military organi- sation which Paraguay still preserves is exclusive to it in Spanish America ; its origin is not to be sought in the nature of the descendants of Europeans, whom Dr. Francia persecuted unrelentingly, but in that into which the Jesuits moulded the indigenous Guarani race. Whether it was as an experiment of the communist doctrines imbibcd by the Jesuits from the Acts of the Apostles or the Epistles of St. Paul, and which exercised such ideal fascination on religious funatics, or whether due to the necessity of governing neofites rescued from a savage life, Paraguay has been the scene of the most extensive attempt made in modern times of a uew system of society and goverument of nations- The Jesuit gathered around him, iu the luxuriant spots where a mission was started, a flock, in the true and íigqred sense of the expression, Guarani Indinas by hundreds of families, without any government of their own, without property, and without traditions. His task above all was to make them Christians, and for this end make them live, and civilise them to a certain degree. The Jesuit was the fatheh, that is to say, the soul, the centre, the teacher, the muster, the guardián of this flock, that had neither rigbts, ñor land, ñor home, ñor government. To obey, to learn, ánd to comply, was the whole code of this people on the road of fbrmation. To work was to obey, to marry was to obey, to exist wasto obey. The Jesuit represented God and the king ; and a Jesuit led them to their work, to church, or to war against Mamelukes (the word used to express Christian hatred), or against the savages, their infidel relations. Property due to the work in common of the mission belonged to the state ; the mission for the mission itself, and not for the individual. Gommerce was a right unknown to the Indian, who had never practised it, and to the colonist, who knew no other world outside the colony. A system of reciprocal espionage was enforced, tale bearing was made a virtue and enforced, while the confessionary became a moral, religious, and political pólice xi in these flock-like societies. In this the Jesuits made no innovation upon what the Inquisítion ordained against heretics in Spain. The distinctive characteristic of the Guarani organisation is, therefore, the deification of the chief of the state, whether he be called father, dictator, or president, and the chief bond of unión reciprocal espionage. Dr. Francia, with the ideas imbued in a college of Jesuits at the end of last century in Córdoba, found such a flock without a father ; he undertook to guide it, and use its religious character for political ends. The geographical insulation of Paraguay contributed to the success of this innocent and Christian schcme. Closing the only entrance to the country, by the river, and thus cutting off his countrymen from all contact with the outward world, at a time when the other Spanish colonies were fighting in the battleíield to secure their independence» the gloomy Dictator directed all his energies to Guaranise that part of the population that descended from Spanish Europeans, and to extermínate the few Spaniards (250) that raight be an obstacle to him. Thirty years was he engaged in carrying on this work, through terror, perpetual imprisonment, cortfiscution, and even marriage, of which he availed himself for the purpose of mixing the races, or in order to humiliate the pride of the Spaniards. Has any one scanned with his imagination how far a powerful mind can influence a people segregated for generations from all contact with the world, among whom there are neither books, press, ñor commerce, and who are debarred from the possibility of seeking refuge in other countries. The Romans could at one time escape and seek an asylum in the territory of barbarían Rings; and, therefore, to be exiled was a capital punishment, the efiBcacy of which was felt by those who became thereby dead to political life, although their body survived. But when all the world was Román, not even this plank of salvation was left for any who might have incurred thexu Emperor's displeasurc. Paraguay, by its geographical confor- mation, realised the same state of things as Imperial Rome, since nobody could escape from the Dictator's authority, how- ever restrained the limit of his jurisdiction. During almost half a century no other Paraguayans were known in the River Píate except the few who were left outside when, in 1811, the gates •were shut which closed the country to all foreign commerce and trade. In 1860, the work of re-modelling the Paraguayan spirit was brought to a cióse. The blind obedience which admitted of no reply, and the absorption of the individual into the state, had grown into a second nature of the Paraguayan, and, after fifty years of insulation, the despotism of the ruler for the time being became the esse ce and recognised perfection of government. An insignificant fact will give a just appreciatiou of this. In 18 Í5, a Correntino, resident in Paraguay, wished to send a present to Corrientes of a small barrel of caña. Having gone through the necessary preliminaries in the custom-house, and finding that the duty for exportation was exhorbitantly high, he abandoned the idea, and, as the application for a permit was useless to him, tore it up, in the presence of the head of the custom-house. The latter, as if he had seen somebody taking poison by mistake, uttered a cry of horror, and, ordcring the Correntino to be arrested, immediately reported his having torn up the paper bearing the arms of the state (stamped paper). Two hours later the Correntino was shot for such gross want of respect. There is no lack of proof to substantiate similar facts. Snch are, however, the results of the Guarani civilisation, either through error, necessity, or forethought. De Moussy has collected in a pamphlet all the opinions emitted by the principal minds of Europe upon the Jesuitical expcriment in Paraguay, adducing in its favor the testiinony of David cum Sibil la, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, of Catholics as well as Protestants. One single voicc differed xiii from this universal chorus of laudations, that of the only one who saw with his own eyes this splendid moustruosity—the wiae Azara, who, even as far back as 1800, anticipated all the horrors and holló wness of that strange experiment. In the missions, during 150 years, no Spanish was taught; the dress was not that of Europeans. Ry royal ordinance it was forbidden to Spaniards to enter tbese oasis of morality. Their only visible result now is the sífilis that rots the very bones of the Guarani race. The mission, for a long time, ignored the authority of the king, except through the heads of the mission. The war of the Jesuits, in 1772, became necessary, in order to put an end to this imperium in imperio. The import and export trade was transacted on the company's account. > The Guarani armies were commanded by Jesuit fathers, and municipalities, justices of peace. aud all other civil authorities, were mere autómata that were moved by their direction. All was happiness and prosperity in this enchanted country, according to the writings and the history of the Order. Rut the general result has been that, whilst the secular civil coloni- sation, imperfect as it was under the Spaniards, has produced Rueños Ayres, Lima, Santiago, México, and a thousand towns and cities, upon which, through independence, were founded civilised states, the missions vanished at the first breath of adversity, leaving behind gorgeous temples, amidst vast orange groves, abandoned to nature, aná inoculating the most frightful tyranny witnessed in modera times, with a civil Pope in Dr. Francia, and in López a mighty destróyer, who has exterminated the last remains of Paraguay. IV. The public spirit being thus ripe, Solano López, yet in his teens, was sent by his father, the Dictator, as Ministerxiv Plenipotentiary to France ; and this youth, nurtured inthe ideas entertained now two centuries ago by the princes of Europe, before the revolutionary spirit had taugbt them to consider themselves as belonging to the same race as their subjects, saw civilised natious, wealth, palaces, and emperors, and foi six years enjoyed all the pleasures of civilised life. He brought with him, or knew where to send for afterwards, engineers, mechanics, artisans,* and in ten years his father, who was a Phillip to this Alexauder, kcpt secretly collecting cannons and raising fortresses, whilst railwaysand telegraphs were projected and carried into execution. A fleet of war steamers (twelve) carried on the trafile between Paraguay and the commercial towns of the River Píate, since the export trade was a Government monopoly, and tbe navigation of tbe rivers was maintained on a war footing. It was pretended that Brazil had forcibly imposed upou the Government of López's father a treaty, and ever since then (twelve years ago) slow but strenuous preparations were made to enable Paraguay to be soon at evens with Brazil. Humaitá being fortified, the advantages of Angostura ascertained by English engineers, and Paraguay declared impregnable by tbe Hungarian Visner, a graud idea shone like a revelation in the mind of Lopez's son. Matto Grosso lies behind Paraguay, and is inaccessible to Brazil uuless by passing under the cannons of tbe fortress of H'jmaitá, the constrnction of which had been recommended by the Brazilians themselves. A faction in Montevideo appealed to the autocrat of Paraguay in order to resist Braziliau influence. The two Argentine provinces of Corrientes and Entre Ríos are almost cut off in the midst of Paraguayan, Brazilian, and Uruguayan territory. Matto Grosso could be easily conquered, and by descending the river with an army of 50,000 nien already armed and equipped, and oceupying the passes through • Twenty English mechanics, according to Dr. Stewart, are at present in Ibiebry mending aims in Lopez's compulsory service. XV Corrientes and Entre Rios, he proposed taking Uruguayana, whence he could advance on Montevideo, as its liberator and ally, planting the Paraguayan flag on the mount that gives it its ñame. Thus, after a campaign of two or tbree months, he could hopo to found an empire with the plunder of Brazil, the Argentine Republic, and the Oriental Republic. The enterprise was tempting, and the youthful conqueror able to undertake it.* The world might probably have witncssed without surprise oue of the many reconstructions which the map of the different nations is actual!y undergoing, even though it might not have been slow in perceiving that, for the same causes, and with the same results, an invasión of iVorthern barbarians, like that which in the fourth century of our era destroyed civilised empires and republics, was being renewed in America, by which the indigenous Guarani race, strong in its submission, iu its covetness, and its bravery, and under the command of a modera Attila, poured down upon cities which were flourishing for their commerce and for the progress of European civilisation, but weak from sub-division into small states, into disunited pro- vinces, into unscrupulous political partics, into classes and castes not yet amalgamated, into apathetic foreigners, and into nations without natives. The danger has been immense I Matto Grosso was taken; Corrientes oceupied ; Uruguayana conquered ; the Brazilian squadron almost totally defeated in the Riachuelo. What was wanting to complete tbe work ? Intelligence ! A Brazilian admiral changed the fortunes of the day, by boldly attackiug with his ship the victorious Paraguayan fleet; General Paunero, with a handful of meo, stopped the advance of a Paraguayan army in Corrientes; General Flores exterminated • A modtl of an imperial crown was latt-ly found among some articlos of furniture of regal magnifiecnce, ordered by López in París, and probably destined to be put into use at his corocation.xvi an army corps detached in Yatay, without either reserves or retreat. The Emperor and General Mitre witnessed the surrender of 7,000 Paraguayans wbo, in compliance with the senseless orders of López, had occupied the town of Uruguay ana, almost in the rearguard of the Allied forcea. Owing to the precipítate abandonment of the easy conquest of Corrientes, and once the illusion of a vast empire had van- ished, the problem was reduced for López to a defence of Humaitá, in order to escape the punishment he so riehly deserved. This has been the heroism of the Paraguayan tyrant, the same tbat has ever been displayed by bands of marauders when obliged to take refuge in their last inaccessible dens, amidst rugged mountains. The bandits of the Abruzzi, how- ever, have not at their disposal 300 cannons, European engineers, or a nation of helots, with which to show off their heroism. V. We do not purpose givtng here the history of this long war, a war as ruinous to Paraguay as it has been prejudicial to the Allies, who did not provoke it. "What we want to know are the secret springs that have kept in arms a whole nation during four years of disasters (since only the repulse of Curupaity can be reckoned as a victory), until almost all have died, uld, adult. and children ! Dr. Francia's efforts were directed into turning against independent Argentines the hatred felt for the Mamelukes (American Portuguese), and for the Spaniards who were proscribed as corruptors of moráis, a hatred which the indi- genous races nourish instinctively against the white race and foreigners. xvii After forty years of seclusion, it was not difficult to impresa, through the calumnies and inventions of the Semanario, the notion that the Argentines and Brazilians, who composed the Allied army, were all monsters, some ridiculous, othersniggers, and all hateful. The Semanario was Lopez's organ, and almost always his own work. The Semanario was an article of faith to the Paraguayana, most of whom, we may here mentios, know how to read. But the very nature of Paraguayan institutions explains better this state of things. The Paraguayan has been conceived in fear, nursed in fear, and has breathed fear all his life. This is the secret of his abnegation. In the first rough book of orders of López, under date of 1866, there is a list, occupying three pages, of 150 desertara, many of them with a marginal note of the day on which tbey were caught and shot. A few pages further on, perhaps to abate an evil inherent in all armies, there is an Order of the Day providing that for every deserter in a company his right and left rank and file should each receive twenty-five lashes, the corporal and the sergeant of the company respectfully forty and fifty. Thus, supposing there were only 1,000 deserters in the three subsequent years, 2,000 soldiers received their quota of lashes, and the sergeants and corporals their proportion of fifty or forty lashes, according to the number of soldiers deserted from their cora pan ies. What an honor to be a sergeant in that army ! As for the commissioned ofilcer, he was placed under arrest, and at the disposal of the Supreme. Latterly, a deserter was heard to say, with a sigh, "Alas! my poor corapanions, by this time they will have been shot." This would lead one to suppose that of late the order had become more severe, and shootiug substituted for flogging. Thus, can the resistance of tbat army be explained, in spite of hunger and the certainty of defeat. Each soldier watched by five, and all and each a spy upon one another's movements In the city of Asunción, before its occupation by the Allies, Bi ir y xviii uitui ci íluj/flib Jim n# .ti a . ;.. -. lo the vestiges of other punishments ha ve been found. A great number of houses, without a roof, others in ruins, manj with the doors and Windows broken down. On enquiring the cause of so rauch havoc, it turned out that it was the work of judicial edicts, which, at López's dictation, ordered the demolition of the houses of deserters, or of citizens declared traitors, whose wives, mothers, or children were thrown into prison unless they gave up the delinquent. Colonel Martínez, the officer entrusted with the defence of Humaitá, and marricd into Lopez's faraily, before hearing of his wife's death, stated in the War Office that the capital mistake of the Allies had consisted in not having since the beginning thrown a strong and large body of cavalry to the rear of Humaitá, and laid their liands on the womcn, because what kept the soldiers at their post was the dread of the fate that might otherwise have awaited their mothers, sisters, or daughters. The uews of his wife's tortures and subsequent exeeution carne to substantiate this opinión, which was still further confirmed by the intelligence that thousands of women werc carried off to the mountains, and, verbally, by the many families rescued by Colonel Baez from the hands of the detach- ment that was driving them to Yberibi. Such means explain the otherwise inexplicable submission of the Paraguatán, which is still further explained by the 300 traitors executed by forties and fifties during the latter times. How many have perhaps snffered the same fate, during the four preeeding years, of which no record has been left. The traitors are not soldiers, because these were executed for desertion, disobedience, insubordinaron, or for uttering complaints or simple remarks, as proved by innumerable triáis contained in small pieces of paper, only a few inches square. The traitors are those who were not in active service, brought from the city to the encampment, civil employés, merchants, not excepting clergymen, married ladies, and even unmarried gírls, like Miss Berrera, who, when saved miraculously, after having been kept xix four months exposed to the scorching rays of the san in the encampment, ignored the motive that had led to her imprison- ment, which some people explained by her being an orphan and heiress to a large fortune. Three hundred traitors executed in five months, without taking into account those who escaped or were able to dis- semble, represent a public opinión which, taken as it was from the most enlightened and the highest classes, demolishes the alleged unanimity in the people's approval of the acts of the tyrant. The conspiracy invented by López, in which he implicated his brothers and sisters, the wives of those ministers and generáis, who had been previously accomplices and active partakers in all his despotic proceedings, embraced also a large number of merchants, both foreigners and natives, and was followed in pursuance of an ancient practice established ever since the times of Francia, by the conOscation of all the property of the accused. If, therefore, the crime reduced itself, as could not be other- wise among unarmed people, to complain of so mnch useless suffering, the spoliation of their property and money, must have formed a strong inducement to denunciation, as in Spain the persecution of the Jews found an incentive in the confisca- tion of the wealth of the race of the Bothschilds, who held in their iron chests all the then circulating means. The causes, political and religions fanaticism, were the same then as now. Proprietors of cattle could not escape, and were ranked as traitors after having been beggaied. An order has been found decreeing that all the cattle that was found should be seized for the use of the army. Colonel Martínez, Gommandant of Humaitá, Dr. Stewarl, chief medical officer, had been thus plundered, whilst devoting with zeal their services to the tyrant. Jealousy and envy towards his brother Benigno, who had been educated in Europe, who was pleading for his due share of his father's patrimony, B2XX and wbo, before and during tbe war, always despised Lopes from tbe bottom of his heart, explain too well tbe brother's treason. What is not so easily explained is tbe death of Carreras, of Telmo López, of Saa's adjutants lately arrived, and of all the Argentines and Orientáis in his service, unless the versión of the Prussian, Yon Versen, be admitted, giving as a motive the hatred which he entertained against all those who had impelled him inlo the war, or approved at first his senseless schemes, now tbat the reality had undeccived him. VI. Amidst all the privations -which obliged ladies to go almost naked, because during four years all their clothes had been worn out, the army to cover its nakedness -w ith raw hides, and the wounded to.die by thousands for want of medicines, lt were hard to believe, unless we had the undeniable evidence of all General Rivas' división, -which took López's quarters, that they found there in abundance, and in almost regal profusión, all the choicest trines and liqueursof Europeanmanufacture, preserves, hams, and everything that the most refined luxury can accum- ulate in a sea-port. Such are the principal facts that characterise this terrible struggle, provoked bythe pride and iniquity of a miscreant -who inherited the strange organisation of a nation emerged from the forests three centuries ago, brought up to a blind obedience, as if listening to God's command, -without inherent or acquired rights, without frce will, and accustomed to see moral transgressions punished as criminal acts. All this, and more, is shown in the documenta that follow, since the Paraguatán despotism, if this ñame can be given to that government, is so regular in its acts, and follows so closely xxi all legal forms, that not a single act, however arbitrary, criminal, or absurd, emanating from the Government, has taken place without being attested to by a lawsuit, a summary infor- mation, or a writte*n ordcr, in all of which the decisión of H.E., the Marshal Presideut, is invoked, and each document bears testimony to the strict execution of the orders, and at times the executioner spontaneously recognises that the crime he commits ís a sacred duty, or exculpates himself for not having compre- hended the serious consequences of a deed he considered innoceut. Thus, the Simancas archives have revealed to the world, after the lapse of three centuries, the crimesof Philip II., noted, reftistercd, and detailed with paternal care, bythe secret and silent monster -who had made of his own animosities, of his ambition, covetness, and cruelty, his gods, his religión, his ■conscience, and his moral guides. VII. The Allies have still a rude task before tbem, that of dis- lodging the tiger from his last den in the Cordilleras, where he has dragged thousands of families, who have to live. upon the scanty distribution of -rations, without a home, whilst tbe women are tilling the ground to support them, as even before the fall of Angostura the 900 women and children, removed under strong escort from one end of the territory to the other, were ordered to do. López may fall alive iuto the hands of the Allies. What will be done with him? Are the laws of international right, recog- nised by Christian and civilised nations, valid for a monster like him? Has nobody a right to cali him to account for the death of 300 victims called traitors ? The Argentine Bepublic must kuow how the 1"0 who died in the prisons carne by their death, among whom were offleers of its army and navy, and manyxxii peaceful merchants, dragged from their héroes to execution. "Where are the Argentine prisoners of war, who ought and might have been exchanged fór the 3,000 or more in our power, •who are Iiving free and happy, some working for their own account ia Buenos Ayres, others voluntarily serving in the army, with rations and pay equal to those of the Argentine eoldier ? If it be allowed to a horrible wretch to extermínate his own natioQ, why is this doctrine to be applied to the sacriflce of thousands of innocent Argentines, cowardly murdered by tor- tures and martyrdom ? "When the moDster protested, because he believed his Ufe in danger from the assassin's knife, aimed by his enemies, the President of the Argentine Bepublic and Commander-in-Chief of the Allied armies, Brigadier-General Bartolomé Mitre, replied with dignity to so barefaced a calumny, that he made Marshal López personally answerable for any transgression of the rules of war among civilised nations, as laid down by international right. It behoves the actual Presi- dent of the Bepublic to see that warning fulfilled, thus re-vindi- cating outraged humauity, and as a legitimate retaliation apon a treacherous enemy. The indictment is contained in the documents which follow, and which speak for themselves. Henceforward, Lopez's defence, or his yindication, jeopardises, before mankind and eivilisátion, the honor of whoever should undertake it, and would múltate against the right of peoples to exist, whether of those who bear the tyranny, or of their neighbors who, by immense sacrifices, escape such abject domination. Buenos Avess, June, 1809. PAPERS AND OFPIOIAL DOOUMENTS OP THE PARAGUAYAN TYRANT, SEIZED ON THE 27TH DECEMBEK, 1868.TOUCHING LETTER OF VICE-PRESIDENT SANCHEZ TO LOPEZ REFUTING HIS ALLEGED COMPLICITY IN THE CONSPIRACY. i In a declaration obtained through torture, Treasurer Bedoya, whom López afterwards shot, stated that Vice-President Sánchez had been influenctd by Benigno López, the brother of the tyrant, who was subsequently barbarously sacri- ficed. López seut to Asunción a commission to institute legal proceedings against the Vicc-President, to whom, at the same time, he wrote a letter full of recriminations. Vice-President Sánchez wrote then the letter which follows, the original of which was lately found in the battlefield of Angostura. 5 " Long Live the Paraguaya* Republic! "Laque, Mareh 27, 1868. "To H.E. the Marshal President of the Republic, and Commander-in-Chief of its Armies. " Most Excellent Sir,— " In pursuance of Y.E.'s orders, transmitted to me through Major Francisco Fernandez, desiring me to furnish Y.E. with a statement relative to the points therein alluded to, I herewith proceed to reply with all sineerity. " Y.E. remínds me, first, that when you wrote me a letter at the beginning of January, dwelling at length upon the people'i fears concerning the Vice-Presidential authority, of which I was by law invested, upon my equivocal behaviour on the occasion of the glorious victory by our arms at Tuyuty, upon the report which had rcached Y.E. of my having fallen under the complete control of Y.E.'s brother, Don Benigno, whose antecedents were so unfortunate, and upon the gratuitous aecusations made by the public against Y.E., you had trusted to rouse me from my lethargy, and free me from an infiuence which, in the eyes of the people, was injurious both to Y.E. and to myself; but that you were soon forced to abandon this, hopé, because my reply was laconic and altogether insignificant. That, even then, Y.E. attributed my curt answer to the security of communica- tion, and, remembering my many years of public service, Y.E. hoped that my subsequent conduct would show to the country,4 and to the worid, that, if what had happened wai due to want of pre-meditation, after being so fully advised as I had been, mj policy would uudergo a great change. But that, after- wards, Y.E. has been undeceived, because you have been told that I still continué to be influenced by Don Benigno. Y.B. also tells me that I knew already that the ex-treasurer had been retained in the encampment, because his proceedings in Asunción had not becn satisfactory to Y.E., and you were afraid lest tbe influence he had acquired over public function- aries, myself not excepted, in virtue of the post he occupied, and of his easy access to Y.E.'s family, through his marriage with Y.E.'s sister, should obstruct the march of the Govern- ment. "That, later on, Y.E. saw that your fears were well founded, and you continued to detain there the ex-treasurer, Don Saturnino Bedoya, and kept him separated from all public business, but without having then any reason to expect what happened, viz., that on the I9th ult. some ironclads forced the passage of Humaitá, and Bedoya, who until then had preseryed his serenity, and borne without much trouble his not very honorable position, got alarmed, and foreseeing a political com- motion in this place, declared, in a vague manner, to the Righf Rev. Bishop, that a plan of conspiracy was being hatched here, for objects which he could not explain ; and he would say nothing further, notwithstanding being pressed to do so by the Bishop and by General Barrios, by order of Y.E. "That, subsequently, the news reached Y.E. of an extra- ordinary and surprising fact, viz., that I had convoked the Council on the occasion of the appearance before Asunción of three ironclads, for the purpose of deciding whether they should be hostilised or not. " That this fact called seriously Y.E.'s attention, and gave rise to the re-call of Minister Berges, andthoseacting with him, -who «11 oonflrmed the news, by stating that the Commandant of Asunción, abusing his oficial position, insisted opon the 5 convocation of the Council, and upon his being represented therein by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and was seconded by my inexplicable docility, and by my having omitted, either unintentionally ot not, to send for Councillor the Dean Bogado. "That Y.E. learnt with shame that, at the instigation of the same Commandant, the Council met a second time in his private house, with my consent, because the previous resolution of hostilising the enemy had not satisfied said Commandant. " That on account of these alarming antecedents, Y.E. ordered the accusation of Bedoya, from which had resulted that he, together with Don Benigno, were to form a revolutionary government, that should hand over the country to the enemy. And that in all this I was looked upon as one of the principal instruments. "But when Bedoya was questioned as to the grave charge brought against me, he answered that I have not governed but made myself the w retened tool of his candida te, Don Benigno, and that, although he had no evidence of iny participation in the conspiracy, my obedience, even in the most insignificant matters, was so blind, that there could be no doubt as to my readiñess to fulfdl Don Benigno's orders, which would, no doubt, lead me to unmistakable treason. " Here Y.E. cuts short a narra ti ve extremely painful, leaving to me to make the fatal deductions that necessarily follow from what is already stated, and from the further details, of which Y.E. has desired I should be inforraed by Major Francisco Fernandez, by Benitez, and by Judge Orlellado, who have all touched with their own hands the festering sore with which the mother country is afflicted. "Y.E. goes on to say—'Oh! if all its children had shown only a particle of all the patriotism and abnegation of which they boast in the streets and public squares; and had, in how- ever small a degree, assimilated themselves with those who generously shed their blood in the field, that blood would long ago6 'have been staunched, and the wounds healed; but, unfor t unately, the enemy possesses the key of our debilityYou pray that the God of nations be merciful and not punish our faults, in order that our mother country sheuld not, after so many sacrilices, disappear from the face of the earth. Y.E. also adds, that so grave a sitúation obliged you to abandon plans carried. on until uow with so much glory, and forced you to adopt others, thus giving to the enemy an unexpected advantage. That, neverthe- less, Y.E.'s faith, both in the protection of our God and the decisión and bravery of loyal citizens, is still unfaltering. " The paragraph which then folio ws, besides what Y.E. is pleased to order me in the same, -with reference to another employé, and which I have already complied with, imposes upon me the duty of making the accompanjing statement, which, if not as satisfactory as I might have wished, w ill have the merit of being ingenuous, as given by one who has his heart in his hand. "1 do not pretend to allude to the fears of the people with regard to the exerciseof my authority, and upon my unequivoeal behavioilr on the occasion of the glorious victory of our arras in Tuyuty, because I was not conscious of my sin, and although I certainly omitted to hoist the national ílag at first, I did so subsequently, and I feel more than convinced that all the acts of the people's rejoicings were prompted by myself. "With regard to Don Benigno's complete control over me, and the gratuitous accusations against me in this respcct that reached Y.E., it may be that my want of penetration has led me into the submission to his influence of which I am accused. If, however, from lack of memory, not from any desire to hide anything from Y.E., I cannot found my defence ou special cir- cumstances, I cannot understand how Don Benigno could have exercised so great a control over me, since there never cxisted between us any frequent or regular intercourse, which would appear necessary, unless it were during the time that he attended public meetings with the view of discussing and agreeing upon matters affecting the national cause. Then, it is true my having said to him that I needed assistance, because I regretted to see at times that nothing was brougbt forward for discussion by those present, whilst nothing suggested itself to me, and then sometióles he would furnish us with matter for the purpose, in which I never could detect that his ideas had any other tendency save the general welfare. "When citizen José de C. Urbieta spoke to me, about two months ago, on his return from Paso Pucu, 1 referred to him what had occurred between Don Benigno, the ex-chief of Yaguaron, and myself, of which I have no doubt he informed Y.E. Don Benigno from that time left off attending the meetings, until the enemy's ironclads forced the passage of Humaitá, and then his attendance was not remarked upon by anybody, ñor did it occur to me to inquire into it, which is not to be wondered in one of my sort. I remember that he occasionally showed me despatches from Y.E., and undoubtedly this, coupled with the respect I have always professed for all that belongs to Y.E.'s house and family, was enough to convince me that there was nothing improper in his attending the meetings. But this Want of criterion on my part did not ga beyond a certain limit, for, on the day that the question was- mooted of calling the meeting for the ridiculous object of knowing whether we should be the first in opening fire on the ironclads that carne to Asunción, I consulted Benitez whether we ought to ask Don Benigno to attend, and I was answered in the afflrmative. I did not make any further reply, but I had reason greatly to deplore my silence when, on reading Y.E.'s esteemed letter before Orlellado, Fernandez, and Benitez, I reminded the latter of the above circumstance, and he said that he was not aware then that Don Benigno had forfeited Y.E.'s good opinión, since I had omitted to acquaint him with the letter in which Y.E. disapproved Dou Benigno's conduct, of which he only heard afterwards. My memory will not enable me to state anything positive in this respect, but I was under8 the impression that nobody liad been ignorant of this matter among us. "With reference to the request of the Commandant that the Council should meet to delibérate whether the ironclads were to be fired upoo, I remember feeling very much astonished, and considered it both impertinent and out of place, and I even think I expresscd myself in this sense to Minister Berges, Dean Bogado, Bivero, and others. If I allude to thcse two instances it is not with a view of exonerating myself from the charge of having twice allowed myself to be enticed to this meeting, which was due to ni y inexperience and to mv fatal propensity cf mistrusting my own judgment, but only for the purpose of stating facts which I think may partly rebut Don Saturnino's gratuitous and horrible supposition, that he could count upon my treason to hand over to bis candidate the reins of government. " How eould he possibly count upon me tp betray my govern- ment, -without even the slightest reference to any act or expression of mine to make his inference probable? How, then, did he come to such an infamous conclusión? What motive could plunge into this black crime an oíd man who had nearly reached the term of his life, and who is on the brink of his grave, wbilst during a lengthened existen ce he has never been known to have had any kind of aspirations? And against whom was I supposed tp be conspiring ? Nothing less than against Francisco Solano López, the most worthy Marshal President of the Bepublic, to whom, as well as to his illustrious predecessor, I owed a great deal more than I deserved, both as regards rank and wealth. I.deny, therefore, with all the strength of my soul, this shameless and barefaced imposture of Don Saturnino's, and I will do so to the last. "My memory fails me with regard to what occurred with Dean Bogado, as to his having mentioned, either in the Council or out of it, that his opinión was against its being held, and I may have thus laid myself open to the charge of having 9 «lll.i .. J ,£»'lÍl]Rfll>-> OS ¡li i h'tO'l I'DaOílOiJfi v tu ÍO /IijiíljfO'lIii Olí' disregarded the opinión of so worthy a citizen, and thus incurred Y.E.'s disapproval. I can only, however, remember that I heard with pleasure citizen Biveros remark that the intimation from the enemy of bombarding a town could only be awaited for in case hostilities had not begun, but not in our case, when the belligerents have been at war for a lengthened and continuous périod. It was principally owing to this remark that the original motion of firing upon the ironclads was unani- niously confirmed. " The motive brought forward by the Commandant before the Council for suggesting a dif ferent proceeding, was the scarcity of projectiles, and I havs no doubt that even this consideration had in no way any influence tn altering the resolution 1 had come to from tbe beginning, which was eventually agreed to by all. " My fault in having ommittcd to make the slightest allusion to this anarchical plan, being fully aware of it, as Y.E. is pleased to state, has been altogether unintentional: I was ingenuous enougn never to suspect that the Commandant's request for a meeting could have so foul a purpose, being inclined to think that it was due to ignorance on the part of the individual who convened the meeting. The motive of my not having fnformed Y.E of it may be attributed on the one hand to this very imprudent indulgence, of which 1 am the victim, being plausibly deceived by the excuse of want of projectiles, and, on the other hand, to my bad memory and ignorance of the distribution of time, which is likely to give rise to still further charges agaiust me, and yet I can conscientiously assert that in no instance has my silenee been due to premedítation. "I will stop here, most Excellent Sir, in order not to delay any longer in fulfilling your commands, and lose the chance of the mail steamer that leaves to-day; but implore you, as earnestly as I can, without asking indulgence for the many faults that weigh me down, that you may be pleased to grant10 me absolution of my supposed re^diness to conspire, in which Don Saturnino has thought he could implícate me, and which is- what most deeply affects me. "May God preserve Y.E.'s valuable life for many years. " Most Excellent Sir, *' Your obedient servánt, "Frakcisco Sahchez."" nt Ir LOPEZ' LETTER TO HIS MOTHER. Ber intercesión in favor of his Brothers and Sisters pitilestly rejecttd- i»ui..¡ -¡u> miíI n<> b-iiitdi'tiU: • d f íi ib SI.V L:jiirtolaj j^'árrcti "September 10, 1868. " Señora Dofla Juana Paula Cerrillo de Lope*. " Dearest Mother,— "I haye received your much esteemed letter of the 3rd, and I am still alive to tell ypu so on the sixth anniversary of my father's death, through the mercy of the Lord, who has been pleased to preserve me yet, notwithstanding the many machi na- tions, in which even my own near relations have taken part. jjeio.i j b:>f tt'iltf f»d tr.tn tar lisiíj ,h ■•/¡. ,it i' .}■*« tntit"tí\i • "It is true that several weeks have elapsed without my writing to you, and I greatly valué your kind rebuke, since on other occasions my remissness, even though of looger duration, has called for no remark. My silence i» to be attributed partly to this bad habit or negligcnce, but more particularly to the beavy moral sufferings which 1 have had to bear for some time past. The -extraordinary events thal have occurred in our family of late fill me with shame before the world, and, but for your letter, I might, perhaps, still feel repugnance from taking up the pen to indite one single word on things as monstrous as they are horrifying. Nevertheless, you invoke the mournful memory of this day, and beg me to answer you. I cannot resist your request; and, although 1 know not -what I ought to say, I liud myself writing. "I cannot express, Mother, all the grief with which I have read your letter, because, after all, I had asked Seüor Sánchez to tell you from me upon the knowledge I have of the matters to which you refer, I might have expected more ingenuousness and sincerity, however hard for me to bear. Poor Mother! you perhaps do not know that I have already passed through the most bitter part of this monstrous affair, and you have dreaded hurting me. I thank you; but my triáis have reached their highest point when I became acquainted with the facfs of the case. It is my tura to dread; but I should still further embitter for you this day, by dwelling upon events not less painful, than that of six years ago. All my efforts have proved useless, all my hopes vain, and only now I can explain, or, to speak more correctly, others explain to me the cause. Allwere leagued against me, all were my enemies. But, God has granted that light should break through the darkness ; they have been confounded, and I am still here. I am here for you ; and, alas ! alas ! that I could be also for all those who did not think they needed me. " Venancio, Benigno, and Inocencia are well in health.12 " If I wereallowed to gire you an advice, I would recommentf you not to show yourself too much alarmed at what is going on, since it would be highly imprudent for you to do so, however great inay be the yearning of a mother's beart. "I look upon your esteemed letter as from a mother to her son, not from a suppliant to tbe magistrate, because in the latter case it would only help to do harm. " Believe, Mother, in all the affection with which your bless- ing is asked for by your very obedient son. " F. S. López."* OF THE MANNER IN WHICH THE OPINION OF EUROPE HAS BEEN FORMED WITH REGARD TO PARAGUAY. In a note from the Paraguayan Minister in Paris, Gregorio» Benitez, found in the enemy's archives on the 27th DecemberT 1868, wé fead— " lt may have, perhaps, rcached Y.E.'s knowledge that Don Luis Bamberger, formerly United States Cónsul in Asunción, is engaged iu publishing articles in the English press in favor of Paraguay, lioping, as he has fiankly confessed to me, that once the war is brought to an end, the Gover. ment of the Republic will duly reward his labors. I must warn Y.E. that 1 under- stand that his expectations are rather high, and that now his contributions appear only in periodicals and reviews of email mportance. Formerly, he vas ablc to publish articles in the 13 Momíng Post, Sun, Daily New», &c, but at present he only writes in third-rate and fourth-rate periodicals. Nevertheless, Mr.' Bamberger's labors are not useless. This gentleman, like all people engaged in the press, has an insatiable thirst of money; he is always asking for it, and I greatly regret not being able to gratify him as he or I could wish. Once only I gave him .£25 for cigars, and could give him no more. His applications for money are very embarassing, because, as I duly valué any help from the press, I should wish to be able to satisfy his wants." Mr. Luis Bamberger's note, referred to in the Paraguayan Minister's communication, explains whence carne, and what was the object of, the propaganda in favor of the despot, Solano López : it is as follows :— "27 Bush Lañe. E.C., "London, August 8, I8G8. "To H.E. Marshal Don Francisco S. López, President of the Paraguayan Republic, &c, &c, «fec. " Most Excellent Sir,— " AUow me to felicítate Y.E. and the Paraguayan people for the heroic defence of the Republic and its independence, and may a glorious triumph crown Y.E.'s arms. "The long and gigantic war sustained by Paraguay for more than three years, has attracted the attention of Europe to a country which, for its exceptioual history and geographical position, was more ignored than the rest of South American Republics, and the little that was known about it has never proceeded from either friendly or disinterested quarters. "The enemies of Paraguay in Europe, I regret to say, are neither few ñor despicable, consisting principally of the diplo- ma tic agents of Brazil and of General Mitre, who, by their gqld, 0214 ■«til* \fua sd iaa n ¡ iuu • ••••• v i¿. disposé of half the press of England, and have sought te buy alV the most competent wríters. " All the ncws of the war carne through them, and were published in such a form as to suit their interests ; the greatest truths, -well tnown in Bio Janeiro and Buenos Ayres, were distorted so as to suit the cause of the Allies. "The only voices raised to contradict the false reports of Brazil, and present before the English, and, consequently, the European public, Paraguay and its government in a true point of vlew, were ours, that of my son Anthony and my own. For the Iast two years we have labored with pleasure in placing before the public the true history of the events of the war as they hnppened, according to the news we received by each packet, and we shall continué in our task to the end. ** Our labors haré not been fruitless ; because, for some con- siderable time past, the periodicals that were most hostile to Paraguay and its government have stopped publishing their lies, silenced by the simple truths we have published ; and, I belreve that it will be admitted, that we have contributed to the welfare of Paraguay. "A pamphlet, published by me in the same sense, of which I had the pleasure of forwardiñg Y.E. some copies, which, 1 trust, have reached you safely, was well received by the public, and . I was very glad of the criticisms and attacks it gave rise to, since it was a proof that my small work had fulfilled its object, viz., to exhibif to the public Paraguay and its illustrious govern- ment in its proper colors, which wa» only a duty we owed to a government and a country that have always treated us as friends. " To prove to Y.E. the truth of what I say, 1 endose a list of the newspapers published here containing articles or communi- • Thi» lint oompriM*! various number», during a period from August 14, 1867, to Anguat 6, 1668, of the following London newspapers:—Globe, liorning Pott, Daily Tclegrapk, Morfina A.dvtrti»er, Dailf Weu-i, Sun, Standard, Uorning litar, Obaerver, and Anylo-American Times. 15 catíons from us. One of us would have gone to visit Y.E., and taken the origináis ; but they will be remitted whenever a safe opportunity offers, although Señor Don Candido Barreiro, who has helped us not a little in our task, has copies of all of them. "As we have done up to the present, we shall continué to sacrifice our time and means in the task we have undertaken, and in which we have assumed serious engagements with several editors, convinced that Y.E. will assist us in fulGUing them, and that Y.E. will recognise our efforts and labors in the intcrest of the Bepublic " We hope that soon the war will be over, and that Paraguay will again enjoy the peace which it has experienced for so many a year, and which placed it in a condition to struggle success- fully with so many and such powerful enemies, rising, like a new Phcenix, from the ashes bf this destructive war. "I trust that Y.E. will accept with benevolence this letter of a friend, whom Y.E. has known for many years, and who will, with pleasure, execute Y.E.'s orders whenever in bis power to do so. : ' . . uuj (.:.. ,, .¿..oiLiJ r. i.> íbI ...li' •:>■ '■! ol "Y.E.'s most humble servant and friend, "Luis Bamberger." haíw^btnw c'ui n-.ld ^aiqlsA »w oi/w ,■- ,U ..-> ../. aoovnO,16 THE SPY SYSTEM. SUPERIOR OFFICERS AT THE MERCY OF THETR SUBALTERNS. ** Camp in Pikysyry, November 18, 1868. " Ensign Vicente Goybuni has informed me that Corporal Silveiro Fernandez, 7th Regiment, a patient in the General Hospital, had reported to him several abuses committed in the hospital, viz., when Assistant-Surgeon Talavera was in charge of one of the hospital wards, he had with him a cousin of his, by ñame Zoilo Recalde, as hospital nurse, to whom he handed over all the provisions intended for the patients, and who used them at his own discretion. That, the informing corporal, being once present at the killing for meat, by order of Talavera delivered to Recalde all the fat of a bullock, which the latter employed for his own private use. That, said Recalde, through the influence of Talavera, has entered the Cerro León Hospital as a patient, when he was not sick. That, ononeoccasion, Assistant- Surgeon N. Gonzalos, who was helping him in a ward, asked Talavera to cure him of a disease he was suffering from, but was not attended to. " Hilario Marco." " Camp in Pikysyry, November 21, 1868. "By Supreme Order, Assistant-Surgeon Felipe Talavera to receive fifty lashes in circle,* and to be attached to No. 40 Battalion, as common soldier. f * Flogging in circle was when the culprit was maclo to stand in the middle of a ' circle of men, each armed with a flail, which they applied mcceaaively as they went round, un til the preseribed number of lashes had been applied. 17 * 'Prívate Zoilo Recálele, one hundred lashes in circle, «nd to be attached to No. 3 Battalion. "F. J. Resqüik.v "In compliance with the above Supreme Order, I, the undersigned, Captain Commanding the 9th Battalion, ordered Assistant-Surgeon Felipe Talavera, and rank and file Zoilo Kecalde, to be panishsd respectively with fifty and one hundred lashes, afterwards telling off the first to serve as common soldier in Battalion No. 40, and the second in Battalion No. 3. in faith whereof I sign this, in the Camp of Pikysyry, on the 21stof November, 1868. " Candido Mercado." _¡_ ¿ ■■■)'. -irft ni RoilrJ < ti HJTÍ* .'iu.'doA o-timcaJ. ini.¡>rvi*»«i bíiír MODEL OF A LIST OF PRISONERS, SPECIFYING THE CLASS AND CAUSE OF THEIR IMPRISONMENT. > br«foÜK .I.inrj^ ao olhfw ,T;n¡iri;rl iol .ifínoni Jacl To dj't ttdi .h-jtvi'íKf-oi npadssri odw .»i}*sb oi latblo* Camp in Pikysyry, October. 17, 1868. 2nd Corporal Trifon Olmedo, lst Báttalion, in the stocks since the 29th of last month, for having given lea ve of absence torank and file Clemente Duarte to go a short distance off to buy oranges, owing to which the latter was able to desert, and has not been captured up to this date.18 Sergeants Concordio Correa and Marcelino Torres in the stock» since the 9th inst.: the first for having sent two soldiers alone to make wood, during which time one of them, called Ignacio Caballero, deserted, but was afterwards captured; and the secoad for having omitted to report the absence from muster of said desertor, thinking that he was in Sergeant Correa's hut. Both belong to the 13th Battalion. 2hd Sergeant Agustín Estigarribia in the stocks since the 1 lth inst., for having abandoned his corps at present. Bank and file Eusebio Rindiar, 1 lth Battalion, in the stocks since the 1 lth inst., for the same motive as the preceding. 2nd Sergeant Félix González, llth Battalion, in the stocks since the 15th inst., for having, while on guard with Lieutenant Pascual Valiente, fallen asleep, and when ordered, in punish- meut thereof, to stand up at the door, having struck his officer. 2nd Ensign Policarpo Guillen, 53rd Battalion. placed under arrest on the 6th inst., on account of a soldier belonging to a fugitive party under his orders having deserted, who has since been captured. 2nd Lieutenant Saturnino Ortiz, 37th Battalion, placed under arrest on the 7th inst., for having given lea ve of absence to a soldier whilst on guard. 2nd Sergeant Leandro Acuña, 27th Battalion, in the stocks since the 4th inst., for having chopped of rank and file Baltasar Gavilan's finger, -whilst assisting him to cut up some meat, both being regi mental cooks. Corporal Silverio Flores, 54th Battalion, in the stocks since the •'th of last month, for having, while on guard, allowed a soldier to desert, who has been re-captured. Ten in all. 19 OS • • f ' rwli iú freot TÓisM ,t.q-ibr> »dJ \ouc>Ju;j*«ovudc oiíi lo ihiUuootí oríS rftfw Jt-u « f'> k> PUNISHMENrS FOB NOT ACTING AS SPY. ANOTHER SPECIMEN OF THE SYSTEM. 20th Battalion. " Camp in Pikysyry, November 2, 1868. "Ensign Elias Armoa, the sergeant, and two corporals of the same, having, while on guard at the Comisaria, failed to report the robbery of produce effected by Corporal Bolaiio, in compli- city with the sentry of said guard, Lázaro Cumbarity. By Supreme Order, said ensign to be reduced to the rank of sergeant, and do duty within the barracks of his regiment: the sergeant on guard to receive forty lashes, and reduced to corporal, and do duty in the trenches: the corporal of said guard to receive thirty lashes in circle, and be reduced to the ranks : Corporal Angel fiolafio to receive eighty lashes in circle, and reduced to the ranks, and do duty in the kitchen under surveillance : the sentry, Lázaro Cumbarity, who was an accom- plice of Bolaiio, to receive eighty lashes, and do duty in his company under surveillance. The two thieves are to be made to understand that they ought to have been shot, and the com- mutation of their sentence is due to the clemency of H.E. the Marshal President of the Bepublic and Commander-in-Chief of its Armies. " Bank and file Yentura Cano, who was on sentry near Lázaro» Cumbarity, to receiv* fifty lashes in circle, for having omitted to report the circumstance to his corporal.20 , " The Commanding Officer of the corps, Major José Orihuela, •is charged with the execution of the above sentence, having previously notiíied the crimináis, and, after taking a copy thereof, yrill return the original. "F. I. Resquin." "Camp in Pikysyry, November 2, 1868. "The Su p re me Order entrusted to me has been duly carried out, and [ let the two thieves know that they ought to have been shot, but that seutence had been commuted through the clc- mency of H.E. the President Marslial of the Republic and Com- ■mander-in-Chief of its Armies; in faith whereof I sign this. " Jóse Orihuela orí F;'_>• <»•. i 5 i r. , . u' . : ví-tol dVk>'J»1 oJ It '.'.uj :í>) Jant^'io-i >o Uvjvqtr.t-»tii : evdia ni otít ni vlub oh bu» ,is-:of¡-i> > '.-» wl be■ : :.d bu» t&i-JTÍi tú*'jt\*.R\ ▼J iiiíí Dvii >n oi bwua ,*> > !i') ni H'tiirr>\ rJíivi^ ovi3t>O^I o4 4*i¿£it/3J lojiOA linoíi'io./ i kAíih'I •'••i :;w nv<<):)lii oái u'\ /Job t-.b hnc .*An»i srlJ b^inhst ba* tuya iik rc v oilar ,vi¡i«dinii.") oib^aJ ,rat/IO«l :>iiJ.: oinfilUaf-ius i ^:ií ni y l'-tt ob bus ,BS4Í»fiI ^Jríii:«viíiaai ol .ofinloíl lo ¿-.¡Iij abera «4 Oí í> r'« «a7í i»!i owJ Í.Í1T ..'•MinIlisTfiufe t • ¡bo,hió> ■fflM ''ífl boa . ;<^:í¿! n jiJ í»vod of' Jdgiix» T9n9fn«)í'> 9dJ oJ fiib ai MOf^O* niaiíl lo fíoiJsJu/rt lo lsirf¿>>m-7-ibn&tnmo.> l>no aildf;q'>íl o¡íí lo íii.nl¡i'-.-.>i« no *cw odw (Ofl#3 »thJti'>/ *dil Ixifl Jn»H ' bsJlüno ^ni/ed it>! .«doiio ni e»rj?a( ^Jln*»vi^,j,»T oi ,/iHcdírniJ .l«1Ct¡707 =dd ol tt'.n*J<-Ifl)l T1Í1 llOe lashes, and reduced to the ranks. " Rank and file Dolores Amarillo, 4th Regiment of Artillery, to be shot. " Lieutenant Nicolás Ferreira, to be admonished, and four double guards.22 "Corporal Claudio Palacios, and rank and file Olegario Laguardia, to be shot, severely admonishing Ensign Patricio Pereira for baving acted with dilatoriness. "F. I. Rksquis." KOléSHOii ¡ll\T • .r.l'JIO'ldll K.ÁYAUiJÁjBIJi 'JO L i Kl.">'<'..'' "Camp inPaso Espinillo, January 13, 1868. "Having received, with due consideration, the preceding list of sentences, by Supreme Command, I ordered the punishments and admonitions to be duly applied, and gave directions that the three corpses should be buried in the general army cemetery. . "Jóse M. Brujues." INQUISITORIAL SYSTEM. *»rfe»f ilüiU .xófuxnoD íouauM. //¡nrvp.O." TBIAL ON A CHASOE OF HA VINO DOUBTED THE SUCOKSS OF THE WAK. THE PRETENDED UNITY OF ACTION AND TALOS OF THE PARAOUAYANS EXPLAINED. KFFEOTS OF TALEBEAK- BOTS OF TWELVS AND FOUKTEEN YEAE8 OF AGE THE PKOSECUTrNO PABTIES. . I>"I07/fc ?.!/, ¡<> .» . , • .'•.}•.I- •>! "1 J C>v ,.t 'A- : . i . "Statemmnt relativa to the expreniens uttered agairut our mejHer country by Pedro Gauto, a toldier oj the Escuadrón Suelte of WiUa Franca, made b$ me, the undertigned, in cotnplianee with- Superior Orden, preceded by the official note of the CommandatU ofsaid toum. 23 " Long Live the Paraguayan RepuWic! "Villa Franca, April 8, 1868. " To the Brigadier-General Commanding the Southern División. "I have the honor to inform Y.E. that the telegraph employé* of this provisional station, Juan Climado Valdovinos, reports to me that the youth Dionisio Galian had told him that about two months ago he heard Pedro Gauto, a soldier of the Villa Franca Squadron, employed in the State Farm of Bogadone, talking about the present war with a woman that was on her way to Villa del Pilar, whose ñame is not known, and that, among other things, Gauto had said that all the efforts of the Supreme Government of the Bepublic were useless, since the enemy was closing in upon us on all si des, and that the Government was now only making a show of resistance; that this conversation was also heard by a youth named Yegros, because they were both near the speakers. I, consequently, summoned before me the two youths, aad their depositions, which I took separately, agreed with one another. " Subsequently, I called before me the accused soldier, and questioned him on the subject; uotwithstanding, however, all my-efforts to draw the truth from him, he denied everything, and at last I had him put in fetters, awaiting y our supreme deliberation. " This is all I have to bring to your koowledge. " May God preserve you many years, "Isidro José Ahze." " Camp of San Fernando, April 21, 1868. " The youth, Del Pilar Yegros, having been questioned about Gauto's sayings, stated : That, beiug employed in looking after24. the farm under the orders of Gauto, he was sitting one after- noon, about three o'clock, on a hide on the ground in the corredor of the farm-house, with another youth, Dionisio Galean, whilst Gauto was sitting iu a hammuck, conversing with a woman, and deponent heard the following words:—1 Our superior is only acting for appearance sake, and that he may not seem to give in altogether, because he has but few pcople left.' That Gauto -was not more explicit, but that deponent understood he alíuded to the Marshal President of the Republic and our enemies; that the woman did not speak one word in reply, but only smiled when he spoke ; that deponent does not know the ñame or residence of said woman, but, he presutned, she was Gauto's concubine, because she lived and slept with hlm for three or four days, and, after passing three or four days in another cottage, she used to come back to the farm ; that he heard the above conversation three or four days before the arrival of the eneray's ironclads; and that one or two days after the womm went to the capital. " That, subsejucntly, he (deponent) and Galean agreed between then that it would be proper to report the conversation they had overheard, but their occupations in the farm prevented them from doing so then, or until two officers of the telegraph service, by ñame Martínez and Valdovinos, happened to come to the farm; that Galean was the first who mentioned the subject to Valdovinos, whilst deponent was away, and, on his return, Valdovinos questioned him also, and they jointly reported all that had happened, and the following day they repeated the saine thing in the Comadancia. Deponent stated that he was twelve years oíd. "The youth, Dionisio Galean, being subsequently questioned, said that about four days before the arrival of the enemy's ironclads, whilst deponent and his companion. Del Pilar Yegros, were sitting on the ground upon a hide, they heard Pedro Gauto, who was sitting in a hammock, and a woman, whose ñame he ignores, conversing together, and he heard Gauto 25 talking upon the present war, and saying—' Many of us have died, on account of the Marshal President of the Republic' He also said—' Our superior is striving in rain, because he has no longer any chance, and, only not to appear that he gives in, he still makes efforts:' then went on to say—' It seems we are going to lose,' alluding to the war. That these remarks of Gauto were addressed to the woman, but she did not reply a single word, ñor did she show either that she was pleased or otherwise ; that deponent ignores the residence of said woman, but believes her to belong to the Department of Villa Pilar ; that about two days after this occurrence she left for Villeta. That Gauto did not again speak of these matters in depouent's presence; that he only enquired of all who passed news of the war, and some told him that many of the enemies had died, but he never remembers in these conversations anything disagreeable; that deponent isa resident of Villa Franca, that he was employed in said farm as belonging to the urban militia ; that the other soldiers employed inthe farmbesides Yegros did not hear what Gauto said; that depouent and his companion, Yegros, agreed to report what they had heard, but as they had no opportunity they could nof do so at once, but only about twenty-two days afterwards, when two officers of the telegraph went to the farm, when deponent stated the case to one of them, by ñame Valdovinos, and they, hearíng the report conGrmed by Yegros, reported the circumstance to the Commandant of Villa Franca ; that deponent recolleots that three days elapsed before he made his declaraticn to Valdovinos; that the day on which he denounced Gauto he had had a dispute with him about some lead balls that were missing from his box; that, baving come, to words, Gauto said that deponent was a traitor and a descendant of the Canbai, and was answcred that it was he who was a traitor, for having spoken against his own country ; that, before this dispute, deponent told Gauto twice that he would denounce him for what he had said ; and that ever since Gauto was moreexacting with him and Yegros as to the work in the farm 5 deponentaddedthat he was fifteen years of age. "In orderto ascertain thoroughly all the circnmstances of Gauto's crime, denounced byGalian and Yegros, yesterday, I8th of April,about 8 p.m., Ensign Ignacio Caballero, 7th Regiment, with Corporal Antonio Guerren and two soldiers of the 12th Battalion, went to fetch Gauto and bring him to the prison of this camp. On their return they took the highroad tothe westof the large corral, Gauto beingtied onhorseback, and before theyhad gone far Gauto's conductors heard that he -was cutting his throat. Ensign Caballero as quick as possible seized Gauto by the arm, butnot before the latter had succeeded in inflicting a deep wound in his throat; no weapon -was found, however, in the hand of the snicide. Gauto became faint, and Major José Palacios and Surgeon Julián Que vedo were sent for, the latter on examining the wounded man found him already unable to speak, and ordered him to be takeh to the guard-house. "Whilst he was there, I happened to be passing by, I endeavored to question said criminal on oath, but found that he was unable to speak, although he still had a great deal of strength, and kept*turning himself o ver on the hide on which he was stretched ; on seeing his con- dition, I exborted him, by every means, to declare who had wounded him, and with what weapon, and, if he could not speak, told him to point by sign whether he himself had inflicted the wound, but I could not succeed in getting any answer, either by words or signs. Subsequently, I sent for the surgeon who had examined him, and, after having administered to him the customary oath, ordered him to examine again the wound and explain it. This he did carefully, and said—That the wound of the criminal, Pedro Gauto, was in the larynx, and the esofagus had been cut through, that it must have been made with a sharp cutting instrument, being three inches in length and one and a half in depth ; that in con sequen ce of it Gauto could not articúlate; that, inhis opinión, the wound was higbly dangerous. 27 "The wound was sown up, but in the morning of this day Gauto was found dead. I then immediately ordered the same surgeon, Julián Quevedo, in the presence of the two corporals of the guard, to ascertain whether the criminal, Pedro Gauto, was dead, and Quevedo, after a careful examina- tion, declared that Gauto was undoubtedly dead. The fetters were then taken off the corpse, and I ordered it to be buried in unconsecrated gronnd behind the cemetery of this camp, as a suicide. "I hád, some days previous, subjected deceased to an inter- rogatory, after receiving the depositions of the denonncing parties, and, although he at first denied eyerything, on my earnest and repeated exhortations to speak the truth, he declared that he certainly had spoken some words similar to what he was accused of having said, but I did not take any note at the time, having to attend to other business, and beca use Gauto said that he did not then recollect what it was he had said, but that it was more or less in conformity with the depositions of Gatean and Yegros; at all events, Gauto seemed himself con- vinced that he was guilty of the crime impated to him. "The weapon with which the criminal,Pedro Gauto, inflicted his wound has been looked for from an eariy hour, byasergeant, a corporal, and a soldier, in my presence, in the same spot where the event occurred, but no traces of it have been found. "In order further to elucídate how the misfórtune occurred, I sent for Ensign Ignacio Caballero, who was under arrest, and questioned him about it. He replied—That, yesterday, in the early part of the night, Major José Palacios sent him to the prison to fetch the criminal, Pedro Gauto, for the purpose of taking his declaration ; that Jie was conducting him, guarded by a corporal and two soldiers, and they were coming by the rear of the barracks of the 9th Battalion, and, before having gone far, the soldier who was leading by a rope the horse on which the criminal was mounted, saw that the latter made a D• 28 motion to cut bis own throat, and called out to deponent, -who immediately rushed to seize Oauto by the right arm, but was. too late, although Gauto bad nothing in bis band; that, be/ore starting, deponent did not examine wBether the criminal carried any arma ; that this was owing to want of precaution on his part,. and because, knowing that the criminal had been in prison under a sentry, it never occurred to him that he could have any weapon on him; that, although the night was dark, deponent also saw • Gauto with his hand up to the throat, as soon as the soldier that , was leading the horse called out to him ; that, as soon as the misfortune took place, deponent went to report it; and that the above deposition is in conformity with what happened, and the whole truth. " Subsequently, I questioned Corporal Antonio Gueren, 12tb Battalion, who was guarding the deceased, Pedro Gauto, and he said—That being on guard at the prison of this camp on the 18th inst., an oflicer, whose ñame he does not know, carne to fetcb a prisoner in irons, ñame unknown, and ordered deponent and Privates Andrés González and Antonio Zamudio, to accompany him, together with the ofilcer of the guard; the prisoner went on horseback, and his horse ñas lead by a rope, held by Prívate González, with deponent on his left, Zamudio on his rigbt, and the officer behind; about a couple of hundred yards before reaching a guard-house on the edge of a wood, González saw that the prisoner made a motion to cut bis own throat, and at once gave the alarra; the officer rushed forward to seize the prisoner by the right arm, but found that his throat was already cut, although he bad no weapon in his hand; he was at once lowered and searched, but no cutting instrument was found upon him. Afterwards, the officer went to the Commandaot's office to report the oceurrénce. That, in taking the prisoner out of prison the officer did not search him; that on the road the deceased criminal did not say anything. Deponent thinks that Gauto himself inflicted the wound, and nobody else, and add» that what he has stated is the truth. 29 " To-day, April 21, I summoned before me Pr¡vates Andrés González and Antonio Zamudio, who escorted the deceased^ together with Corporal Antonio Gueren, and, on being: tioned, González said that four days ago, being on guard at tfcas prison of this camp, an officer, whom he did not know, canse ta» fetch a criminal in irons, whose ñame he also ignored ; theza tibe officer of the guard, 2nd Lieutenant M. Leguizanión, f9b Battalion, ordered the sergeant to send Corporal Guer«s„ deponent, and Zamudio, to escort the prisoner; that depone»* was leading the prisoner's horse by a rope, the corporal and tihe> other soldier being respectively one on each side, and the offieesr behind, urging on the prisoner's horse with his whip; that wbatm they were passing by the rear of the barracks of the 90m Battalion, deponent, who from time to time looked back to tac prisoner, saw, notwithstanding the darkness of the night, that the latter was making a motion as if cutting his own throat, aaol deponent raised an alarm ; the officer at once rushed forward and took holdof prisoner's hand, but no sharp instrument was found». either in his hand or anywhere near on the ground, althou&ta they all looked for it. Deponent thinks it must have juraped out of prisoner's hand when his arm was violently seízed. Deponent did not see the prisoner searched ■« hen he left tibe prison, to ascertain whether he had any weapon ; he, moreiMV„ feels certain Uiat the prisoner himself inflicted the wound, and declares that all be has stated is the truth. " Prívate Zamudio deposed that all that González had said is what occurred, and that he can neither add ñor alter anytnfnp to the latter's account, being the whole truth witbout the slightest falsehood. " Vícente Abalos."*" D230 THE FORM OF LOPEZ' TRIALS. NO DEFENCE ALLOWE». ALL SENTENCED TO D1E FOR ATTACHMENT TO TBEIR FAMILY. 4th Regimght. Deposition of Antonio Irala,a native of Quindy, who deserted oh the lith inst. v Camp in Pikysyry, October 31, 1868. '' Deponent states that on the morning of the above day he deserted from his corps, with the intention of going to bis district, to visit the woman Teresa Almiron, who has nursed him, and whom he longed to see again ; but having entered the district of Villeta he was captured by a sergeant, who had been watching about there, as he himself said, and who delivered him to Lieutenant Casiano Román, in Yaquito, and the latter sent him on here. "For this reason, the above mentioned runaway is at present in the stocks in the gnard house of his own corps. " Hilario Marco." "Camp in Pikysyry, October 23, 1868. "By Supreme Order, the deserter, Private Antonio líala, 4th Regiment, captured in Tacnaty, is sentenced to be shot. "F. I. Resquis." "Camp in Pikysyry, October 23, 1868. "In pursuance of the above Supreme Order, the deserter, Private Antonio Traía, captured in Tacuaty, has been executed. In faith whcreof I sign. "Benito Roloh." 31 41st Battaliow. Deposition of Private Matías Vera, native of San Juan Bautista, who deserted on the 23rd inst. ** Camp in Pikysyry, November 30, 1868. "Deponent states that about noon of said day he deserted from his corps, without any motive, intending to go and Uve in the district of Iturigua, where he says he has his family; that, on the day following his deáértion, he was captured in the Cañada de Aldana, jurisdiction of Itá, and was taken before the military commander, who put him in irons and then sent him on to this office. " The runaway is, consequently, in the guard-house of his regiment, in irons. "Hilario Marco." " Camp in Pikysyry, December 10, 1868. " By Supreme Command, the deserter, Private Matías Vera, 41st Battalion, captured in Ihe district of Itá, is sentenced to be shot." "F. I. Resquin." "In pursuance of the Supreme decree of this date, the deserter, Private Matías Vera, 41st Battalion, captured in the district of Itá, has been executed ; and, in testimony that the Supreme Order of the most excellent Marshal President of the Bepublic has been duly carried out, I sign this, in the camp of Pikysyry, on the lOth of December, 1868. "Francisco Roa."32 2itd Begimeht of Hoik Artilleey. Depotition of Prívate De la Cruz Chaparro, native of Qttiquio, who deserted on the ! 3fA inst. " Camp in Pikysyry, October 22, 1868. *'.Deponent states that in the evening of said day he left bis «wrps, intending to go to bis own district; but, before reaching fcxs house, he was seized by two individuáis, who took him to Hajor Mesa in Caapucu, and the Iatter remitted him in irons to *l»is office. "He states, moreover, that the only motive for bis desertion was his wish to see his parents. * This runaway is at present in irons in the guard-house «f lis regiment. "Hilario Masco." "Camp in Pikysyry, October 23, 1868. ** By Supreme Comniand, the deserter, Prívate De la Cruz Chaparro, 2nd Regiment of Horse Artillery, captured in his own «üstrict of Quiquio, is sentenced to be shot. M F. I. Resqdih." Camp in Pikysyry, October 23, 1868. **In compliance with the aboye Supreme Order, received with due respect, the deserter, Prívate De la Cruz Chaparro, 2nd Scgiment of Horse Artillery, has been executed. "Pedro Hermoza." 53rd Battalion. Deposition of Prívate Vicente Talavera, native of Asunción, who deserted on the tOth of last tnonth. "Camp in Pikysyry, November 10, 1868. "Deponent states that on the morning of said day, being told off to carry bricks to the trenches, and havihg, for some time past, felt distress at the absence of his three sons, who are in Luque, he thought of deserting, which he effected in order to go ánd see his sons; and two days after his flight he was appre- hended, in the district of Itá, and taken before the commander of the district, who remitted him to prison in irons, and yester- day afternoon he was sent to this office, arriving to-day. " This runaway is in the guard-house of his eorps, in irons. "Hilario Masco." "Camp in Pikysyry, November 11, 1868. •'By Supreme Order, the deserter, Prívate Vicente Talavera, 53rd Battalion, captured in the district of Itá, is sentenoed to be shot. "F. I. Resqüir." "Camp in Pikysyry, November 11, 1868. *"In compliance with Y.E.'s Supreme Order, Prívate Vicente Talavera, 53rd Battalion, has been executed. "Which I beg to report for Y.E.'s information. "Ahtonio P. González."34 45th Begimekt. Depotition of the deserter Prívate Juan Yrala, nativa of San Ignaci* d* las Misiones. " Camp in Pikysyry, November 24, 1868. "Deponent states that about sevendays ago he deserted from his corpa after evening muster, from no cther motive tban a desire to see his family, living in Paraguari, where he was going, takiag the higkroad that goes through the jurisdiotion of Yaguaron, when he was apprehended, -without making any resistance. by a woman whom he did not know, and taken by her to the head of the department; he was thence reraitted in irons to this office. "In consequence whereof the runaway is at present in irons at the guard-house of his regiment. "Hilario Makco." " Camp in Pikysyry, November 24, 1868. " By Supreme Order, the deserter, Private Juan Yrala, of the 45th Regiment, captured in the Department of Yaguaron, is senteneed to be shot. "F. I. RnsQvn." " Camp in Pikysyry, November 25, 1868. "In compliance with the commanda of H.E. the President of the Republic, I ordered Private Juan Yrala to be shot, in faith -whereof I sign this. "BAIíBU* Rivaiola." 35 2nd Begimert. Depotition of Private Leandro Sanabria, nativo of Villa San Pedro, wha. deserted about eight days ago. " Camp in Pikysyry, November, 10, 1868. "Deponent states that in the afternoon of the 3rd inst. he deserted from his corps, urged by a desire to eat bartlmento, to look for which he took the directionof the interior departments ; but on the fifth day of his desertion he was captured in the Department of Itá, rece i vi ng two mortal sword cuts from his captors on the head and shoulders, when he tried to run away. He was subsequently led before the head of the department, who remitted him to this office. " In consequence whereof this runaway is at present in custody in the guard-house of his regiment. "Hilario Marco." | " Camp in Pikysyry, November 11, 1868. "By Supreme Order, the deserter, Leandro Sanabria, 2md Begiment, captured in the Department of Itá, after offering resistance, is senteneed to be shot. "F. ti Besquir." " Camp in Nandipay, November 11, 1868. " The deserter, Private Leandro Sanabria, has been executed, in compliance with the Supreme Order transmitted by you. "Manuel Mendieta. "36 20th Battaliok. Dtpotition of Prívate Felipe Bogado, native of Caatapa, who deserted on the 26th ult.' "Oamp in Pikysyry, Octeber 23, 1868. " Deponent states that feeling distressed at the absence of his children, he thought oí goingto his department to see them,and therefore deserted from his regiment at dawn on the above- mentioaed day; but, when he got into the Department of Itapé, he was apprehended by a sergeant of the Urbanos, and taken before the military commander of the district. The latter had him placed in irons and sent him to the Adjutant-General's office, whence he was remitted to this camp. f He adds that the only motive of his desertion was his desire to see his children. " This runaway is at presen! a prisoner in the guard-house of his regiment, in irons. "Hilario Marco." " Camp in Pikysyry, October 23, 1868. "By Supreme Order, the deserter, Prívate Felipe Bogado, 20th Battalion, captured in the Department of Itapé, is sen- tenced to be shot. " F. L Resquin." "Camp in Pikysyry, October 23, 1868. "In compliancewith the above Supreme Order,received with due respect, the deserter, Prívate Felipe Bogado, 20th Battalion, has been executed. "Pedro Hermoza." 37 SYSTEM OF REVENGE. TALE-BEARING. "Zong Live the Paraguayan Republiel ' * Camp in Paso Pucu, December 21,1867. ""With all due respect, I beg to inform you that Bernardo Encrito Pinto, prisoner of war, has reported to me that Sergeant Francisco de Pablo Montero, also a prisoner of war, had told him that he had heard Antonio Carballos de Sosa threaten Antonio Moreira de Sosa to denounce to the authorities his having, on several occasions, urged him to desert to theenemy's camp. "In consequence whereof I subjected the two intending deserters to an interrogatory, from which it would appear that it was Antonio Carballos de Sosa who had first raade the propo- sition, not Antonio Moreira de Sosa ; and, therefore, as the two seemed implicated, I ordered both to be secured in irons, with whieh I have the honor to acquaint you, for the ends that may follow. "May God preserve you many years. "Matías Goyburu." " Camp in Paso Pucu, December 30, 1867. " To the General Commanding the Southern División. "By Supreme Order, the prisoners of war, Antonio Carballos de Sosa and Antonio Moreira de Sosa, Who agreed to desert to the enemy, are sentenced to death, the execution of this sentenoe being entrusted to Captain Matías Goyburu. "F. I. Resquih."38 " Camp in Paso Pucu, December 30, 1867. "The abore Supreme Order bas beeu duly carried out. I send back to tbe General Commanding the Southern División this order, with a statement of its having been complied witli, in faith whereof I sign this. "Matías Goyburu." THE EFFECTS OF TERROR. SERVILITY BEFORE LOPEZ. " Long Live the Republic of Paraguay! "Canp Brite, December 10, 1867. "To H.E. the Marshal President of the Republic, and Com- mander-in-Chief of its Armies. " Most Excellent Sir,— "With due respect I communicate to Y.E. that I have shown Y.E.'s order to General Resquin, that he shouldteach me a lessqn, because I am myself so wanting iñ discernment. The General did in fact prove so evidently my shortcomings on this occasion that he has enabled me to see more clearly the benevolence which Y.E. is never weary of showing towards me; therefore, most Excellent Sir, I deplore having had the audacity to ask Y.E.'s forgiveness, and repent the ingratitude with which I have corresponded to Y.E.'s kindness, and, prompted by the dicta tes of my conscience, I seek from Y.E. justice and not 39 pardon, because I am unworthy of it, and because I have not known how to behave myself. I Avould have undergone any sacrifice in order to please Y.E. under the circumstances, and, obeying strictly Y.E.'s orders, have marched forward; but I did not do so, which I know well, most Excellent Sir, is a blunder, and a blunder is degrading, unless remedied at once; therefore, Sir, I only a*k for justice. "This is all I have to communicate to Y.E. on the present occasion. " May God preserve Y.E.'s life for many years for the good of the country. " Julián Nicahor Godoy." "December 10, 1867. "For the administration of justice solicited by Major Godoy, let this be remitted to Brigadier Resquin, in order that he may appoint a fiscal who, after due investigation, shall díctate the sentence and report the same. "LOPEZ." BAR BAR O US ORDER ABOUT DESERTION. " Long Live the Republic of Paraguay! " Camp in Paso de la Patria, March 25, 1866. '' By order of H.E. the Marshal President of the Republic, and Commander-in-Chief of its Armies, the following punishments are in forcé :—40 44 For all thote who fall asleep on guarí. " í. The offlcer to be arrested, and reported to H.E. 44 2. The sergeant to rece i re fifty lashes standing. 44 3. The corporals to receive forty lashes.' 44 4. Priva tes to receive t wenty-five lashes each. 44 In fase of deserción of a soldier when detached frotn his company. 44 1. The rank and file next tó him on each side to receive twenty-five lashes. 44 2. The offirer in charge of the companv in which a desertion takes place, to be arrested and reported to the Supreme Govern- ment. 44 3. The sergeant'to receive fifty lashes, and do duty in his company for oue month as conimon soldier and one month as corporal ; at the expiratiou of these two months to be rein- s ta ted to his former rank of sergeant. 44 4 . The corporals to receive forty lashes in circle, and do duty in their companies as common soldiers for two months, after which to be reinstated to their former rank of corporal. " This order is applicable to troops or detachments told off from their respective companies for any work or employment under the charge of their respective officers. ** F. I. Resquiw." 41 DOCUMENTS EXPLAINING THE DE-FOPULATION OF PARAGUAY. WOMEPf DRIVEN ABOUT IN HERDS. 44 Long Live the Republic of Paraguay ! 44 Camp in Pikysyry, December 18, 1868. 44 To Captain Bernardo Amarilla. 44 By Supreme Order Idespatch to your quarters, under charge of Ensign Ignacio Romero, and thirty armed men, 900 women, ■who are to proceed in the same manner to the Cerro Aruai, thence to Paraguari and Caacupé, on the other side of the Cordillera, with instructions to the Commandant of the Depart- ment of Caacupé to distribute them in the furthest dictriets nf that part of the Cordillera, where they may be abíe to sow beans, andaices, &c. For this purpose you will forward this order to the Commandants of Paraguari and Caacupé. 44 May God preserve you many years. 44 F. I. Resquin." 44 Long Live the Republic of Paraguay.' ■ 44 To the Captain Commanding the Detachment of Yuquity and the Commandants of Paraguari and Caacupé. "By Supreme Order, I despatch another batch of 640 women belonging to Vi lleta, and 170 belonging to different distriets, in order that, as on a previous occasion, they may be safely escorted by thirty cavalry soldiers, well armed, under charge of an officer, from Paso Yuquity to the Cerro Aruai and Para-42 guarí; and if there sheuld be no available forces at either of these points, as far as the district of Caacupé, with instructions to tbe Commandant of the latter place to distribute them, as soon as they arrive, through the other central districts of that Cordillera, and see that they be usefully employed iu agr¡cul- ture or other occupations, by which they may provide for their own sustenance ; for this purpose they are to be allowed what- ever assistance may be at hand. "F. L Resquih." SHOOTING FOR NOT RISING EARLY. M Camp in Pikysyry, Norember 13, 1868. " By Supreme Order, Lieutenaut Manuel Sayas, 22nd Bat- talion, is sentenced to be shot, for having refused to get up for morning parade, for having struck two soldiers that ■were then singing in front of his room, and disobeyed the order sent by his commanding officer of giving up his sword to the ofBcer of the day, saying that he would deliver it up after seeing said commanding officer. "F. I. Resquih.'» " Camp in Ñandipay, November 13, 1868. " Sentence of death has been duly carried out on Lieuteoant Manuel Sayas, in compliance with the Supreme Order trans- mití ed to me by you. "Mahuel Montiei,." • 43 oí «id bnoabt HORRIBLE! SHOOTING FOR CONVERSING AND FLOGGING FOR L1STENING. JXepositxon of Prívate Candido Ayala, of the Grenadier Company of the 3rd B a t tal ion. ** Long Lit e the Paraguayan Republic ! . "Camp in San Fernando, April 4, 1868. " Deponent states that being last night round a camp fire, -with other soldiers of his company, he was relating to them the say- ings and offersof the enémy, which he heard when doing duty in the vanguard, under the ordersof Major Bcníte Rolan, whenever they carne within sightTof each other. On one occasion some of the eneray said—' Come among us ; throw away your ponchos of hide; here we live well, and you shall want nothing ; forget your President, that oíd big-bcllicd lndian.' At this moment the Commanding Officer, who was near, overheard these words, and immedialely rebuked him, saying—' Be silent; who has authorised you to refer the words of those wretches, and what can they say or impute to our illustrious Marsh al, who is the handsomest and most graceful sovereign in all the American Continent?' Deponent was then asked by said officer what E44 fnduced him to refer such things, which were nothing bnt injurious personal attacks upon our Lord President, and he said that he repeated what he had heard without any evil thought, not knowing that he was incurring blame. "The undersigned ordered deponent to be put into irons and imprisoned in the guard-house, v here he at present lies; arad reports the circumstance to the Commanding Ollicer of the División. "Julián D. Godoy." "Camp in Tebicuary, April 4, 1868. "By order of H.E. the Marshal President of the Republic, and Commander-in-Chief of its Armies, the accused Prívate Candido Avala, 3rd Battalion, is sentcnccd to be shot, and each of the soldiers of his company who listened to his conversation are to receive fifty lashes. The execution of tliis sentence is entrusted to the Major commanding said corps, who, in reporting its due fulfilment, will state the humes of those who ha ve been flogged. "F. I. BESOum."1 "Camp in San Fernando, April 4, 1868*. " In compliance with tlie above Supreme Order, which I have received with due respect, I ordered sentence of death om Prívate Candido Ayala, 3rd Battalion, for the canse above stated, tobe carried out this very day, also, that fifty lashes should be applied to Sergeant Faustino Sanabria, Corporals José Figueredo,. Blas Giménez, and Privates Baltazar Medina, Matilde Pino, Tomas Duarte, Cecilio Maciel, and Canuto Galeano, who all were listening when Ayala was speaking so irreverently. Prívate 45 Canuto Galeano was, by mistake of the corporal, punished with» only forty-nine lashes, and I ordered the number tobe completed to fifty, which being done, he turned round, as if offended, asking to be punished more if the number was not yet com- ' pleted, for which display of pride I had hlm punished with twenty-five lashes more, aad placed in the stocks. " All of which I respectfully beg to report to you. " Julián Nicanor Godoy." THE TABLETS OF BLOOD OF F. S. LOPEZ. SIX MONTHS' EXECUTIONS. EVIDBNCE OF THE MOST ATBOCIOUS TYRANNY. Here foliows a serial list of the murders committed, and the tortures applied, by López, from July to December, 1868, taken from his own bloody archives. They reach the figure of 558 victima. Yet, no mention is made of his brother, of Minister Berges, of the Oriental Blancos his friends, of the Bishop—all shot—and of the rest of the prisouers, of whom only fifteen escaped. No mention is made of his own mother's exile, of the imprisonment of his brother Venancio, of his own sisters, and other ladies flogged, &c, «fcc, &c. E246 It will be seen that these 558 victims wcrc condcmned upon simple orders of López, without cause, trial, or sentence of a jnilitary tribunal, aud all of them, both foreigners, prisoners of war, aud Paraguayans, styled criminal "traitors," on the mere assertion of López. That out of them some were shot, some lanced, others bayonetted, and those who died in prison were tortured by hunger, hard \»ork, heavy irons, and the frightful torment called " cepo Uruguayano," which even surpasses tlie satanic inventions of the Inquisition. "Who is the real "criminal traitor?" Is it any of these wrctched 558 victims?—No. The "criminal traitor" is Solano López and his satellites, and those who endeavor to screen him from human justice. The " criminal traitor " is Francisco Solano López, who has surpassed Ñero, Caligula, Commodus, and Rosas. No.—The "criminal traitor" to maukind, and to God, is he who has uot respected either sex or oíd age, not even his own mother, neither children, ñor God's ministers. It is Francisco Solano López. R ESQUI.V S UIARY. Camp in San Fernando May 31, 18G8. By Supremo Command, the desertcrs, Domingo Caballero and Juan López, soldiers of the 13th Battalion, capturcd in the woods (tiie formcr having two wounds, one inflictcd by liimsclf and the other by bis captors), bave been cxecuted in Villa Franca. June 17.—By Suprcme Command,the Brazilian Juan de Silva, a spy of the cpcmy. was cxecuted. Also, for descrtion, the artillcryman from Tcbicuary, José Delvalle. June 19.—TIio traitor Silvestre Silva died; bis dcath was a natural one. 47 Also, by Suprcme Command, the following traitors from the capital were executed í Esteban Homen, Vicente Cabrera, Apolinario Diaz, Nicolás Medina, Gregorio Ferreíra, and Félix Diaz. June 22.—By Superior Order, the deserter Antonio Baba di lia, of the 43rd Battalion, was executed. Also, by Supreme Order, the following traitors from the capital were executed: Juan Benitez, Antonio Barbosa, Fran- cisco Pereira, Pió Ayala, Bernardo Pereira, Dionisio Gonzales, and José Devane. June 23.—By Supreme Order were executed in irons the traitors Soto Diaz, Domingo Talavera, Bartolomé Mayo, Gaspar Morinigo, Miguel Giménez, Tomas Vasquez, José Maria Quintana, and Germán Egusquiza, all brought from the capital. ■ June 28.—By Supreme Order were executed the aecused traitors Vicente Ortigoza, Tomas Pedroso, Eugenio Caceres, Martin Morales, Tomas Cardoso,Galo Iturbe, José Manuel Otazu, and Vicente López, all brought from the capital. Died, of natural dcath, in prison, the Brazilian deserter Pedro Antonio Alves. July 1.—By Supreme Order, the deserter Victoriano Zaraque, of the corps of scouts, was executed. July 5.—Died of natural dcath, in prison, the aecussed traitor cx-Licutenant-Coloncl Juan Gómez ; also, the aecused traitor Sotero Torres, cavalry soldier. July 6.—By Supreme Order, the deserter Eugenio Nuilez, private of the I9th Regiment, was executed. July 7.—Died of natural death, in irons, the aecused Emilio Neuraann, a Germán, from Hamburg. July 9.—Died of natural dcath, in irons, the aceused Pablo Beccari, an Italian ; also, by Supreme Order, the deserter Basilio Rivarola, of the 23rd Battalion, was executed. July 13.—By Supreme Order were executed the following aecused traitors : Juan Bautista Lescano, Marcelino Marque, Salvador Martínez, Zacarías Pereira, José Ignacio Garay, Manuel¿8 Cardoso, José Tomas Martínez, Serapio Escobar, Román Iusfrau, Juan de la Cruz Vera, Manuel Viera, Corporal Angel Alderete, Basilio Villalva, Nemesio Benitez, José Luis Botella, Manuel Montero Braga, Francisco Magallanes, Antonio Carlos da Oliveira, and Julio Bautista Dacosta. July 14.—By Supreme Command, the accused traitor Cornet Miguel Gajoso, was executed. July 15.—Dicd, the accused traitor Juan Lenzi Colomno, Englishman. Died, the accused traitor Manuel Madruga, Por- tuguesc. Died, the accused traitor Policarpo Gallo, Para- guatán. Died, the accused traitor Trifon Cañete, Paraguayan. July 16.—Died, the accused traitor Buenaventura Caceres, Paraguayan. The accused traitor Miguel Antonio Elorday, Paraguayan, was executed. July 17.—Died, the accused traitor Manuel Bocanegra, Italian. Died, the accused traitor José Bedoya, Correntino. July 18.—The accused traitor Tomas Pisarrelo was executed. The accused traitor Gregorio Escobedo was executed. July 19.—Died, the accused traitor Isidoro Troche, Para- guayan. Died, the accused traitor Domingo Purniez. July 20.—Died, the accused traitor Miguel Bergues, Para- guayan . July 21 .—Died, the accused traitor Agustin Elezdui, Spa- niard. Died, the accused traitor Justo Benitez, Paraguayan. July 23.—Died, the accused traitor Clemente Veloto, Para- guayan. July 24.—Died, the accused traitor Raimundo Ortiz, Para- guayan. Died, the accused traitor Estevan Luis'aga, Para- guayan. Died, the accused traitor Agustin Piaggio, Italian. July 25.—Died, the accused traitor Carlos Orrute. Died, the accused traitor Ignacio Galarraga, Spaniard. Died, the accused traitor Escolástico Garcsse, Paraguayan. Died, the accused traitor José de C. Fernandez, Paraguayan. July 28.—Died, the accused traitors Estevan Idedusis and Aütonio Susini, Italians. 49 July 29.—Died, the accused traitor José Angelo, Paraguayan. By Supreme Order, were executed the accused traitors Santiago Ozcariz and Manuel Cabral, Parnguayáns, and Candido Vascon- ccllos, Por tugúese. July 30.—Died, the accused tiaítors Bernardo Artaza and Firmin González, Paraguayans. July 31.—Died, the accused traitor Francisco Bosas. August 4.—Died, the accused traitors Manuel Coelho, Portu- guese ; Abdon Molinas, Paraguayan ; and Pedro Anglade, French. August 5.—Died, the accused traitor Sinforoso Caceres, Cor- rentino. August 6.—By Supreme Order, the criminal deserter Eusebio Herrera, Argentine, was executed; and the accused traitor Vicente Valle, Paraguayan, died. August 7.—Died, the accused traitor Salvador Figueredo, Paraguayan. August 8.—Died, the accused traitors Luciano Baez, Para- guayan, and Juan Fusoni, Italian. August 9.—The folio wing accused traitors weie executed: Americo Várela, Angel Silva, Antonio Ama, Antonio Tomé, Antonio Bebaudi, Antonio Guanes, Antonio Taboas, Antonio Ivala, Aristides Dupart, Baldomero Ferreira,Benjamín Santerre, Cayetano Barbosa, Eugenio Maten Aguiar (Spaniard), Faustino Martínez, Feliciano Hermosa, Francisco Canteros, Francisco Saman iego, Francisco Sotera, Fermín Bazaraz,Gregorio Arguelles, Inocencio Gregorio, Isidoro Arrióla, José Caravia, José Valle, Juan Schamper, Juan Fusoni (this lasfdied a natural death a moment beforebeing executed), Julián Rodríguez, Julián Aquino, Luis Avila, Martin Candía, Nicolás Casales, Nicolás Susini, Nicolás Delflno, Pedro Falcon, Pelayo Azcona, Román Franco, Román Capdevila, Serapio Pucheta, Venancio Uribe, Vicente Serrín, and Vicente Galarza. August 10.—üied, the accused traitor Juan Padilla, Argentine. August 14.—Died, the accused traitors Agustin Viera and Elíseo Galeano, Paraguavans.50 August 15.—Díed, the accused traitor presbyter José Maria Pa tifio. August 17.—Died, the accused traitors Pedro Burgos, Para- guayan ; and Coriolauo Margues, Spaniard. August 18.—Died, the accused traitor Lieutenant Juan Ca- ballero. August 19.—Died, the accused traitors Damasio Cuevas, Paraguatán ; and Alfredo Levret, French. August 20.—Died, the accused traitors Florencio Uribe, Spaniard; and Benjamín Urbieta, Paraguatán. August 22.—The following accused traitors were executed : Cipriano Duprat, Andrés Urdapilleta, Carlos Becio, Constantino Barletto, Julio Carranza, Vicente Barletto, Sebastian Ibarra, Antonio Oneto, Lisardo Baca, Gregorio Vera, Narciso Lascerre, Felipe Mi Iteres, Juan Vera, Alejandro Pinto de Souza, Nicolás Jubelini, Federico Anayitarte, Tristan Boca, Benigno Gutiérrez, B ai mundo Barraza, Leandro Barrios, Román Sil vero, Honorio Grillo, Mateo Muso, Ignacio Ruiz, Feliz García, Feliz Arrióla, Pastor González, Juan Baeco, Juan Bautista Duré, Leopoldo Anglade, Francisco Cardoso, Miguel Lombardi, José Mino, Domingo Fernandez, Federico Gaciaga, Juan Gregorio Valle, Miguel Perujo, Manuel Espinóla, Feliz Candía, Joaquín Fernan- dez, Enrique Tuvo, Lorenzo Graz, Francisco Molinas, Desiderio Arias, Juan Andreu, Egidio Ferreiro, José Bemondini, and Pió Pozzoli. Total, 48. The following accused traitors were executed on the same day : Francisco Rodríguez Larreta, Narciso Prado, James Manlove, Ulises Martínez, Francisco Laguna, José Garay, José María Astigarrago, William Stark, Bernardino Ferreira, Nicolás Troya, Leonardo Sion, Salvador Echenique, Santiago Delucchi, Pablo Kert, José Bustei, Joaquín Vargas Aldado, Celso Correa, Domingo Bojas Aranda, Enrique García, Pilar Guaicochea, Juan Batalla, Pascual Bedoya, Juan Ferresi, Gregorio Molinas, Boque Céspedes, Marcelino Gómez, Francisco Vidal, José Bodriguez, Joaquín Romaguera, Pedro Polleti, José Maria Saucedo, José 51 Vicente Urdapilleta, Angel Ugale, Aurelio Manchuet, Guiñe» Ranstei, Bernardino Cabral, Faustino Rodríguez (presbyter), ex- cept Nicolás Troja, who died before execution Total, 37. August 23.—Died, the accused traitor Captain Román Boga, and by Supreme Order the following accused traitors were executed : John Watts, Natalicio Martínez, Benigno Bosas, Luis Echcvarrieta, Teodoro Gauna, Marcos Pernabe, Celestino Cattim, José Sanyur, Basiliano Lampini, Enrique Fenaus, José Haller, Charles Tevíte, Alejandro Galeano, Francisco Sora, Fran«isco Balbuena, Bartolomé Albertoni, Esteban Meza, Antonio Lucero, Aureliano Capdevila, Melchor Costa (all foreigners), and Mariano Marques, Augustin Pires, Manuel Fernandez (the last three Paraguayana). Total, 23. August 24.—Died, the accused traitor Jesús López, country man. The following traitors were executed : Clemente Pereira, Martin Vera, Aniceto Duarte, Casimiro Aquino, Pablo Bojas, Francisco Boman, Miguel García (Poraguayans), and Estifanio Palacios, Juan Moreira, Máximo Rodríguez, José Loco (foreign- ers). Total, ti. August 2G.—The following accused traitors were put to death : Francisco Fernandez, Paraguayau, ex-major; Captain Miguel Haedo, Lieutenant Anastasio Vallcjos, Ensign José Villasanti, Ensign Dionisio Villalba, citizen Alejo Acuna, citizen Pablo González, citizen Francisco Frutos, citizen Matías Montiel Italian, Silverio Botea, and the foreigners Antonio Fonscca and Hilario Santanna. Total, 14. By Supreme Order the following accused traitors were put to death: José Maria Brugues, ex-Coloncl Manuel Nunez, Major Vicente Mora, Lieutenant Ignacio Ramos, Major Candido Mora, Ensign Rosario Bobadilla, Captain Miguel Bosas, citizen Carlos Bivcros, Manuel Céspedes, ex-Presbyter Vicente Bazan, Fidelio Davila, Juan Morles, Teodoro Vera, Ensign Jeró- nimo Delfín, Juan Madera, Sisto Pereira, Angel Cacens, Antonio Nin Reyes, and Antonio Vasconcellos. Total, 19. By Supreme Order the following accused traitors were put to52 death: Mauuel Trete, Pablo Seracho, Blas Recalde, Juan Antonio Bodriguez, Francisco Decoud, Valenjin Bargas, Prudencio Ajala, and Valeriano Ajala. Total, 8. Camp in Cumbarity, September 4. Died, the accused traitors Francisco Candía, Lieutenant José Martínez, and citizen Dionisio Figueredo. September 5.—Died, in prison, the traitor Narcisco Nunez, ex-Justice of Peace of Villeta. September 6.—Died, in prison, the accused traitors Anacleto González, Correntino, and Joseph Font, North American. September 9.—Died, the accused traitors the soldier Nicolás Sanabria, Paraguatán, and Timoteo Correa, Brazilian. September 10.—The spies Vincente Amarrilla and Inocencio González, Paraguayan soldiers, were bayoneted. September 11.—Died, the accused traitors Gustavo Haman, Germán; Lieutenant Patricio Gorostiaga, Argentine; and Antonio da Silva, Brazilian. September 12.—Died, the accused traitor Ensign Tomas Céspedes, and citizen Román Candía, Paraguayans. September 13.—Died, in prison, Lieutenant-Colonel Gaspar Campos, prisoner of war, and the traitor Gabriel Coria, Argen- tine. List of prisoners who died on the transit frotn San Fernando to Cumbarity, frotn August 27 to September 3. Juan Pastore, Pedro Talena, Antonio Charman, foreigner»; the traitor Jorge Kes, Swiss ; Manuel Antonio del Espíritu Santo, the traitor Isidoro Martínez, Mexican; José Cayetano Beurro, Carlos Bueno, Jorge Daly, Antonio José de Mora, Pedro Lagarde, Andrés González, Eleutcrio Enero, Manuel Peña, José Vicente 63 Jestono, José María Castro, Andreas Ibanez, Bolivian traitor; Eustaquio Uriarte, Manuel Rivera, Juan Almayoa, Roberto Casi- miro, Valentín Benitez, Baymundo Aquino, Manuel Borges, Miguel Silva, and Ensign José Gavilán. Total, 28. September 14.—Lieutenant Alejo Ybero was bayoneted, and the accused traitors Natán Marischavel, Spaniard, and Carlos Moreno, Argentine, died. Colonel Bernardino Denis was set at liberty. Under date of September 4, the deserters from the enemy, the prisoners of war, and prisoners for other reasons, to the number of 190, were taken from prison to work in the trenches. September 15.—Died, the accused traitors Jacinto Duarte, Paraguayan, and Balthazar de las Carreras, Uruguayan. September 16.—Died, the accused traitors Augustin Trigo, Sebastian Insfrau, Eufemio Méndez, Antonio Ortiz, all Para- guayans, and Wenceslao José María, Brazilian. September 18.—Died, the accused traitor Justo Caceres, Paraguayan. The following crimináis were taken to work in the trenches: Simón da Silva, Antonio Luis de ISoracs, Inocencio Monteiro de Mendoza, José da Silva, José da Costa Leite, José Justiniano, Indalecio da Souza, Manuel dos Santos, Manuel Antonio da Silva, and Manuel Carneiro, Drazilians(10innumber), and Boman Lescano, Antonio Sánchez, and Roque Sánchez, Ar- gentines. Total, 13. . September 20.—Died, in prison, the accused traitor Mauricio González, Paraguayan, and the Brazilian deserter Juan Suarez de Ara ujo. u September 21.—Died, in prison, the traitors Fulgencio Gon- zález and Antonio Quintana, Paraguayans ; Justino Lescano, Argentine ; and Antonio da Silva, Brazilian. September 22.—Died, the accused traitors Francisco Pintos and José Vega, Paraguayans.54 Camp in Pikysyry, Scptember 22, 1868. , By Supreme Order, the soldier José Segovia, deserter from the 3rd Regiment of Artillery, captured in the district of Itá, was executed Thírty dollars will be given to Police-Sergeant Luciano Recidias for his zeal in capturing the desertor from the 3rd Regiment of Artillery, José Segovia a present which the most excellent Marshal President of the Republic and General in-Chief of its Armies has deigned to grant him. F. I. Resquin. Scptember 23.—Died, the traitor Sebastian Salduondo, Para- guayan. t September 2í.—Died, the Paraguayan traitor Ramón Marcos ; put to the bayonet the chief of Yuty, José Lino Torres ; Private Dolores Caballero, Rrazilian, and José Vega. By Superior Order, the culprit Lázaro Gonzalves, of Yaguaron, was set at liberty. September 25.—Died, in prison, the accused traitors Juan Rodríguez, Brazilian, and Pedro Merolles, Italian. September 26.—Died, the accused traitor Joaquín Patino, Paraguayan ; Antonio de Souza, Brazilian ; a deserter from Ya- guaron was put to the bayonet. September 27.—Died, in prison, thp accused José H. Várela, Italian. Sent to work in the trenches the prisoners brought from Yabebiry, Privates Deodato José dos Santos, Manuel Isidoro da Silva, and Pedro Leginaldo, Brazilians. Died, the accused traitor Facundo Salduondo, Paraguayan. By Superior Order the following accused traitors were put to death : Paraguayans ex-Major Matías Sanabria, ex-Captain Ignacio Garay, ex-Lieuten- ant Elias Ortellado, ex-Lieutenant Francisco Sosa, ex-Presbyter Martin Serapio Servin, ex-Presbyler Juan Evangelio Barrios, ex-Sergeant Dolores Vera, Bernardo Ortellado, Gumesindo Be- nitez, Manuel Leandro Colunga, Zacarías Rodríguez, Vincente 65 .Dentella, Segundo Colunga, Isaac Alvarez, Francisco Ojeda, Julián Jacques, Matías Ferrera, Francisco Zelada, José Mariano Servin, Daniel Valiente, Miguel Ramírez, Jorge Centurión, José Franco. Antonio de las Carreras, Oriental. Brazilians— Francisco Javier de Matos, Juan Fernandez Contaduría, José Gómez Maciel, Francisco Eleuterio de Souza. Italians—Juan Beltiano, Francisco Invernisi, Juan Vsicaba, Julio Vega, Spaniards—Vicente Reina, Francisco Velas, José María Vilas, Enrique Reina, Isidro Cor dina. Argentines—Ventura Gutiérrez, José Cateura, Calisto Lezcano, Juan de la Cruz López, Chrisos- tomo Carrano. Frenchmen—Leonardo Ruz, Miguel Alderey, José Philibert. Germán—Octavio Fulgraff. Bussian—Fran- cisco Ordano. Total, 47. September 28.—Taken from prison to work in the trenches, the crimináis Nicolás López, Simón Vallejos, Corren tinos ; Luis Bernardo Mure Italian; José María Gómez, Santiago Bomero, Justo Faria, Argentines ; Caledonio Nanua, Spuniard ; Celestino Leite de Oliveira, Francisco Joaquin, Ludovico Barraso, Brazil- ians. Total, 10. By Superior Order, the following accused traitors were put to death : Máximo Falcon, Pablo Colman, Paraguayans; Cecilio Vallejos, Correntino. Total, 3. By Superior Order, the following prisoners were set at liber- ty : Presbyters Facundo Gilí and Mariano Aguiar, Sergeant Buenaventura Bordón, Paraguayans. Total, 3. September 28.—Died, in prison, the Brazilian soldier Manuel Gonzalves. September 30.—Died, in prison, the accused traitor Tomas Gilí, Paraguayan. October 1.—Died, in prison, the accused traitor Sergeant Roque Rivas, Paraguayan. October 2.—Died, the accused traitor Andrés García, Para- guayan. October 3.—Died, the accused traitor Vicente Robledo, Ar- gentino.56 October 4.—By Superior Order, the Brazilian prisoner of war, taken at Surubify, Captain Joaquín Gómez Peso, was set at liberty. Died, the accused traitor ex-Ensign Antonio Santa Cruz. Paraguatán. October 6.-—By Superior Order, the prisoners of "war Major Maximiliano Versen, Germán, and Lieutenant Jerónimo de Amorim Yalporte, Brazilian, were set at liberty. Died, the accused traitor Marcelino Sánchez, Paraguayan. October 7.—Died, the accused prisoner of war Ensign Severo González, Argentine. Died, the accused traitor Juan Carlos Lezensi, Frenchman. October 8.—Died, the accused traitor ex-Eusign Manuel Baez, Paraguayan. Died, the accused Brazilian prisoner José Suarez. October 11.—Died, the accused traitor José Riveras, Para- guayan. October 12.—Died, the accused traitor Vicente Quadro, Italian. October 19—By Superior Order, the criminal traitors wbo deserted the flag-bearer of the 9th Battalion were executed : Private Luis Alcaraz, 30th Begiment, ánd Bamon Paredes. Died, the accused traitor Private José Palacios, Paraguayan. October 21'.—Died, in prison, the accused traitor Fernando José Moreira, Brazilian. October 25.—Died, the accused traitor Ribeiro Costa Leite, Brazilian. October 28.—Died, the accused • traitor Tomé da Costa, Brazilian. * October 29.—Died, the accused traitor Juan Moran Bueno, Brazilian. November 5.—Died, the accused traitor Miguel Patino, Para- guayan. Norember 7.—Died, the accused traitor Benito Alvarez, Para- guayan. November 8.—Died, in prison, the accused traitors José Mauuel de Campos, Brazilian; Cipiiano González, Argentine; José María Franco, Paraguayan. 57 November 9.—Died, of pestilence (cholera) in the hospital, the accused traitor Valentín Fernandez, Paraguayan. Died, of cholera in the hospital, the accused traitor De la Cruz Cañete, Paraguayan. Died, the accused traitor Sinforiano Martínez, Paraguayan. November ÍO.—Died, of cholera in the hospital, the accused traitor Buenaventura Basquez, ex-Justice of Carapeguá. Died, in prison, the accused traitoress María de Jesús Egusquiza, Paraguayan. List of crimináis killed in the trenches. » Paraguayans—Mariano López, Francisco Sánchez, Alejo Beni- tez, Sebastian Ferreira, and Buenaventura Soria—5. Argentines—Santiago Romero, Cornelio Salazar, Luis Soto, Aniceto Corche, José Pérez, Simón Romero, Roque Mansilla, Manuel Sánchez, Angel Agüero, Cipriano Alonso, Basilio Canoma, Marcelo Herrera, José Torres, Lázaro Chiarini, Santiago Avila, Andrés Atuno, Primitivo Sosa, José Montero, Manuel Alvarez, Isidoro Agüero, Lino Tarella, Nicolás Vera, Antonio Sánchez, Baldoniero Artaza, Francisco Agüero, Inocencio Mendoza, Juan Larrea, Zavino Parí, Ramón Mansilla, Martin Acevedo, Ramón Pérez, Celedonio* Fernandez, Esteban Guanes, and María Gómez—34. Brazilians—José Costa, Antonio Francisco, Simón dos Santos, José Tertuliano, Manuel Sosa, Joaquín Soares, José Lucas, José do Nascimento, Vicente Correa, Lázaro Gonzalves, Joaquín de Souza, Emilio Alves, Francisco Pende, Vicente Fernandez, José Lautela, Basilio Dinis, Manuel dos Santos, Manuel Antonio, José Jnstiniano, Felipe da Silva—20. Italian—Juan Canelo—1. Total, 60.58 November 12.—Died, in prison, the accused traitor ex-Pres- byter Antonio Corvalan. Died, in prison, the crimináis Candido Centurión, Paraguayan traitor ; Buenaventura María de Mattos, Brazilian, deserter. Died, of cholera iu the hospital, the accused traitors ex-Presbyter Santiago Narvaez, Pedro Barrías, and Prívate Francisco Ensina, Paraguavans. November 13.—Died, of cholera in the hospital, the Argentine prisoner of war Captain Antonio Falcon. Died, in prison, the Argentine prisoner of war Lieutenant Mauricio Soto. November 1 4.—Died, in prison, the deserter from theenemy, the Brazilian solder Juan Pereira Campos. November 15.—Died, of cholera in the hospital, the Brazilian deserter Prívate Raimundo Coelho. By Supreme Order, dated the I2th, the criminal Exequiel Duré, ex-Ensign of the 18th Battalion, w as executed. November 17.—By Supreme Order, the accused traitor Gustavo Guión de Libertad, Frenchman, was liberated and scnt to the capital. November 21.—By Supreme Order, the foliowing criminal traitors, spies of the enemy, were put to death : Prívate Juan González, of Carapeguá, and Basilio Escobar. Died, in prison, the accused traitor Simón Conde, Correntino. November 22.—Died, in prison, the accused traitor Saturnino Tavares de Silva, Brazilian. November 23.—Died, in prison, the accused traitor, Juan Cabrisa. Died, the Brazilian prisoner* of war Prívate Joaquín Manuel, Concepción. November 29.—Died, in prison, the accused traitor Eduardo Barias, ex-lieutenant of cavalry. Decembcr í.—Died, the Brazilian soldier, prisoner of war Francisco Juan da Silva. Died, the accused traitor Vicente Gómez, Paraguayan. December 10.—Dclivered as prisoners to be conveyed to the exterior, the traitors Porter Cornelio Bliss, North American, and George F. Mastermann, Englishman. 69 December 11.—The following crimináis were put to death : Captain Andrés Maciel, Paraguayan traitor; Lieutenants Francisco Ortellado and Ignacio Ozeda, Paraguayan traitors. Presbyters —José J. Talavera, Antonio Valdoviuos, and Juan Arza, Para- guayan traitors. Soldiers—Bernabé Sánchez, Donato Lescano, Aniceto Coete, Francisco Sánchez, Sebastian Alonso, Paraguayan traitors. Citizens—Francisco Sánchez, Victoriano Cabrisa, Ig- nacio Vera, Basilio Pereira, Gaspar López, Eleuterio Barbosa, Luciano Decoud, Simón Céspedes, Paraguayan traitors. Colonel Telmo López, traitor, Argentine, from Santa Fé. Prívate indi- viduáis—Malaquias de Oliveira, Francisco Zalar de Oliveira, Juan A. Deante, Brazilians; José Maria Caceres, Correntino ; Carlos Ulrich, León de Delme, French ; Pedro Nolasco Conde, Correntino ; Colonel Ulpiano Sotero, Correntino, prisoner of war. Lieutenants—Joaquín de Silva Guzman, Brazilian ; José Romero, Argentine, prisoners of war. Ensign Paulino Baez, Correntino, prisoner of war. Sergeant Francisco Barreira, Brazilian, pri- soner of war. Corporals—Francisco José de Oliveira, José Francisco de Amorim, prisoners of war. Soldiers—José Bar- roso, Manuel A. dos Santos, Antonio Manuel Rodríguez, Antonio José da Silva, prisoners of war. Deserterfe—-José Porciam, Francisco Tavares (spy), Martin Machado, Brazilians. Raimundo Ruiz, Argentine, prisoner of war. Ireneo Alvarez, Uruguayan, prisoner of war. Honorio Camba, French ; José Espíritu Santo Rodríguez, Serafín Gómez de Moura, José Ferreira Brandaó, Joaquín Gonzalves, José Tomas da Costa, Brazilian prisoners of war. Total, 49. December 11.—Crimináis set at liberty : Colonel Venancio López and Presbyter Eugenio Bogado, attached to the staff. December 14.—Lanced to death, the traitor Lieutenant Sim- plicio Lynch.60 l¡ fll i . u \ "xrxox *»•«»— ü «o «* — «o oo •p»¡ftQ»dt tO/f • • * * * * en es • CO • > es • *MlfltfffHI ■ — * 'IIIMfltMfF ■uvotuauiy -jtf es •youauj «o o • yttfSug co •asanfínjuOff • es co •spuviuvdg so . »rt — es •suntjojj es . es — es s]V}uajJQ CS co oo • OO .S-B 0 «" a 1 I o? s SJ js |5 a o THE PRISONS OF PARAGUAY. F2I OFFICIAL DECLARATION OF A BRAZILIAN OFFICER. The folio wing account of the sufferings endured by Major Da Cunha Mattos, during fourteen months' captivity in Paraguay, mili be read with interest. lt is a summary of the oflicial report addressed by him to the Brazilian Minister of War, tbe nature of which document gives authenticity to the horrifying details contaiued in it. " On the same day on which I fell a prisoner I was taken to Paso Pucu, and, after a slight interrogatory, I was locked up in a rancho by myself, and with a sentry in sight. "On the 4th of November, early in the morning, Lieutenant- Colonel Hirió (a Spaniard in López' ser vice), carne to see me, and, by order of López, requested me to make a full declaration •f the ámount of our forcé, of the Brazilian resources, and any other information that could tell on the prolongation of the war, stating that the right of war justified this demand. I replied, that although I knew something of the right of war, I never remembered reading anytbing of the kind, and that I thought it was recognised in modern warfare that such declarations had no weight whatever, and, moreover, I stated that the information asked of me was beyond ray knowledge, because as a soldier it ••was not my business to inqufre what means the Government was able to dispose of. Colonel Hirió was in no way pleased witb my reply, and insisted that I should write down something. 1 repeated I could not give the information required, but woaldt. obey the order, endeavocing to keep as near the truth as pos— sible. In fact I did write something. It would be impossibie for me to reproduce now exactly what I wrote; but, amnog other things, I stated that I did not know what means our country could dispose of, but that I could assert that the army was paid regularly, and that on the 2nd of November I had received my pay for October, and that up to that date the soldiers received full rations and were well attended. Withi regard to the strength of our army I stated the truth, at least what was reported to exist then. I said something also about the organisation of the army. "Two or three days afterwards I had a visit from Captain Palacios (brother of the Bishop of Paraguay), who told me that López was not satisíicd with my declaration, and said that í Avrote much but said little. "I uaeanwhile was kept in the same room, and received daily very scanty food—a small amount of meat dirtily prepared,. without salt, and musty fariña. " On the 18th of November, Palacio canie to see me again, and said that I could go out, but was not allowed to be out of sight of the guard. " I must not omit to say that I had no news of the oflicers and men of my corps, from whom I had been separated at the time of my imprisonment. " On the 19th of November I was called to Palacio's quarters, and asked whether I knew that an officer of my corps had escaped, to which I replied that I was completely ignorant of it. Palacio said it was Captain John Peter Correa, and that it showed great ingratitude on bis part, seeing how well he was treated. I learned afterwards that Correa was in a worse con- dition than myself, kept almost naked, and without even a hide for a bed.64 "On the same day, several Brajylian, Oriental, and Argentine prisoners and deserters were brought to the guard next to my room, who, after being flogged, -were put in irons, taken before the fiscal, and again flogged. I "was ignorant of the motive of these barbarous proceedings, which were repeated on the 20th and 2Ist. Among these poor victims I saw several soldiers of my corps, wliom I could scarcely recognise, such was the change produccd in them by hunger and the bad treatment they had received. "On the 2lst Captain Correa was apprehended again by the Paraguayans, outside the lines of Curupaiti. He was taken in irons to the guard from whence he escaped, where he was kept with his face turned to the east in the morning, and to the west in the afternoon. A few days afterwards he disappeared, and 1 hcard nothing more of him until February, 18*58, in Humaitá, wben I was told he died of disease due to the atrocious treat- ment he had been exposed to. " The sad scenes I had been a witness to during several days, and my moral and physical sufferings, affected me so much that in the beginning of December I was attacked with diarrhoea of blood, which prostrated me so much that I could not stand. I was then removed to the hospital, under guard, and accompanied by a spy, who uever left me. There I met, thank Heaven, the humane Dr. William Stewart, who tended me with such care that he saved my iife. In the hospital I lcarned that among the prisoners who had been executedwasCount Machado, of the Bra- xilian cavalry. Before being shot he protested loudly against the proceedings of the tyrant, who caused him to be executed on simple suspicion, and without a single proof of his culpability. I remained in the hospital, under the care of Dr. Stewart, till the beginning of February. On the 8th or 9th of that month he advised my being removed to the hospital at Humaitá. " On the same afternoon I was placed in a cart, and we started in the direction of that fort, but as the roads were in a frightful «5 4 state, we only arrived at 11 o'clock at night. The night was very dark, and I was surrounded by a strong guard, and it appeared to me I was being taken to the scaffold. Fortunately, however, my presence of mind never deserted me, and God gave me suflicient courage to stand all. Suddenly the cart carne to a stop, and an oílicer informed me that we had reached our destination, and that I was to get down. Fatigued by the long journey, and still suffering from weakness and my late severe illness, I hastened to get off the cart, hoping lo find some rest and comfort; but my ílesh crept, and my hair stood on end, on seeing that the hospital was a dreary and stinking dungeon,full of dirt and filth, and where every now and then were heard the groans and lamentations of the unfortunate sufferers, who begged to God for death to free them from a life of so much misery. When I was installed in this infernal habitation, I found it impossible to conciliate sleep, and I had not been many hours with my wretched companions before falling a prey to the same miseries as theroselves. I found myself covered with lice and every kind of disgusting inseets that are sure to breed in a place where the accumulation of people is greater than the accommodation, without any regard to deceney or cleanliness. Diseases of all sorts were prevalent; cholera made havoc, and hunger, and sometimes thirst, decimated the number of the unfortunate dwellers ia that horrible prison. Menof all classes and conditions were brought to a level, officers were treated the same as common soldiers, and I saw myself surrounded by thieves, murderers, deserters, &c. "Among the prisoners I met were Captain Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Augusto José Alves, Lieutenant Gusinuo, Campos, and Pesson. They related to me the sufferings they had endured in Paso Pucu, the greatest being caused by hunger, as they were only served with food sufficient to save them from starving. A few days afterwards Alves suecumbed, under an attack of diarrhoaa. " The venerable Brazilian Cónsul, Barbosa, told me that during99 the three yearsin which he had beena prisoner, he had seceired nothing beyond meat, without salt and water. Cónsul Barbosa, as well as all the Brazilians whose death I witnessed, gave up their ghost with tranquillity ; it was never customary to afford spiritual consolation to the dylng. "A few days after this, on the 19th, at dawn, a great bom- bardment aunounced a movement on the part of the Allies. A few moments afterwards wesawour ironclads breaking through the Humaitá batteries. Later on, we learnt that while this was happening, our ínfantrv had taken by assault the fortifications at Establecimiento, seizing all the artillery, and causing severe losses to the enemy. As Y.E. will recollect, our forces had previously occupied the important position of Tay, cutting off the enemy's communication between the river and the interior of the country. López had ordered a road to be opened in the Chaco, from Monte Lindo to Timbo, by which he could continúe to supply his troops with provisions. This road was not yet completed, so thut the ürst remittances of cattle and other pro- visions had not yet rcached Humaitá. In Humaitá, Paso Pucu, and the other positions occupied by the stupified slaves of the tyrant, was felt the want of cattle and cereals of all kinds. The war appeared to us to be drawing to a cióse. In fact, the com- manding oflicer of our dungeon ventured to say, in reserve to one of the prisoners, that in eigbt days more all would be decided. The Prussian, Major Von Versen, knew that López, considered himself lost, and had resolved to endeavor to raise the siege, an operation, however, in which he liad but small confidence, because, in .the late encounters on the left of his position, he had lost almost all his cavalry, and ours was numerous and well mounted. "On the 20th, therefore, we were surprised with the announcement that López had forraed the resolution of passing to the Chaco, with all his army. I did not give much credit to this news; but after a time I was convinced that López had escaped, having during the night passed over to the righfc «7 margin of the River Paraguay. Meanwhile, troops and horse» daily appeared in Humaitá mysteriously, and disappeared in the same manner; afterwards, we learnt that during the night they were embarked for the new fort of Timbo. " On the 6th of March we received orders to embark, and en- tile afternoon of that day we went on board the Rio Apa, and proceeded in the direction of Timbo, where we arrived next day at dawn. " López, having received information that our ironclads had gone to Tayi for fear of being boarded, gained courage and planned a scheme more efllcacious than breaking through the siege, and which need not entail the loss of all his war material, &c. Unfortunately he was able to carry his plan into effect, and our fleet learned too late that the small Paraguayan steainer which had escaped on the 19th February, by hiding in small rivers, sailed with impunity between two positions occupied by the Imperial fleet conveying troops, artillery of all calibres, horses, «fcc. As I said, before I reached Timbo, on the 7th and in the afternoon of the 8th, although I was extremely debilitated, I received orders to march with the rest of the prisoners, who were all in the same circumstances as myself, almost naked and very ill. In the afternoon of that day we marched nearly two leagucs, by roads covered with marshes, in some of which the water reached to our middle. Marching through the Chaco, we reached Monte Lindo, the last Paraguayan post, about the beginning of April. "During this time severalof our fellow-sufferers died,among them Captain Cavalcante de Albuquerque, whose corpse the prisoners were made to carry. Among the prisoners there was a deserter who called himself Lieutenant Simplicio Luiz. I have reason to believe that he was a simple cadet of some Per- nambuco corps. This party had been appointed as capataz over the Brazilian prisoners ; he spared no effort by which he could annoy us, contributing to the death of not a few, advising those who carried their exhausted companions to drown them in thestreams, and shouting * Kill that nigger,' and flogging us when- ever, from excessive fatigue, wé could not Walk. Simplicio had done great harm to our countrymen in Paso Pucu. Having learned to speak Guaraní he acted as interpreter, and as such, in order to ingratiate himself with López, he reported all he heard. This intriguing, infamous, and miserable Brazilian had been allowed by López to keep his sword, and had taken employment in his service, receiving a salary the few times that the army was paid. "From Monte Lindo we went to the river side, in front of San Fernando, and were taken across to the opposite bank, whence we marched straight to the camp, where we found that López had coucentrated all his forces. I remaincd some days exposed to the inclemency of the weather, and witnessed the death of 2nd Lieutenant Campos, who, like the rest, died with- out any assistance. "Captain Palacio had been replaced by Major Franco, who treated me with a little more consideration, and supplied us with some comforts and better food. My health was, however, getting worse and worse. I had lost all hopes of livíng : all my clothing consisted of an oíd cotton shirt and poncho of coco thread, which was so full of lice as to make it a source of martyrdom rather than shelter. "In San Fernando I lived with a little more liberty, but great reserve, until the march for Lomas Valentinas. My health, which at first had been getting worse, began, after two months, to improve, and wbetlier, owing to change of air, or simply to Divine protection, I bogan to recover, after having suffered froni intermittent fevers, cholerina, and other diseases, for which water was my only cure. "During mystayin San Fernando I had no newsof my fellow- sufferers, except Major Aranda, Lieutenant Quinteros, both Argentines ; Major Versen, Prussian, who occupied the same room with me, besides Major José Maria Martínez, Argentine, and Simplicio Luiz, above alluded to. ' 69 " On the 27th of August I left San Fernando. The conspiracy against López favored me greatly. Not having been considered implicated(I ignored all about it), I was notsent to thedungeon, as several of my companions were, but allowed to continué in the guard house. Major Versen, upon whom suspicion had fallen, with great iujustice, was removed to prison, and I sup- posed him dead. The march from San Fernando to Lomas was consequently very easy for me, although I had to walk bare footed day and night, and was obliged sometimos to feed on raw meat, as there was often barely time to kill. In less than six days we went over the distance between San Fernando and Lomas or Pikysyry. "During the transit I had occasion to witness the most afUict- ing scenes of horror and barbarism. López, learning that our cavalry tried, by forced marches, to overtake the Paraguayan arnfy on the road, had to hasten his retreat, and as the condition of the prisoners prevented their keeping up with the main body of the army, he ordered that all those who lagged behind from fatigue should be bayonetted, an order that was on several occasions carried out near me, and I had afterwards to tread over the corpses of my fellow-sufferers ; at times I remarked that the order was executed with refíned barbarism, as the tired prisoners were bayonetted and thrown into the wood only half dead ! I remained in Lomas Valentinas until the day I was able to escape from the claws of the tyrant, the 27th of December of last year. Whilst I was there I spent the best period of my captivity: my health was better, the food had improved, and I enjoyed a certain amount of freedom. "On the 23rd of September, the attack at the bridge of Turubyhy took place, at which Captain Joaquín Gómez Persoa, and a corporal of the 5th regiraent of infantry, whoso ñame I forget, fell prisoners Captain Persoa was at once removed to Lomas, and he will be better able to inform Y.E. what happened to him till the 4th of October, when he joined me, and Com- mandant Marco made me responsible for his conduct.70 "On the lst of October, Lieutenant Amorim Valporto, in the reconnaissance of the lines of Píkysyry, was also made prisoner, and a day or two afterwards handed over to me, under the same conditions. " The reconnaissance of Pikysyry, although without immedi- ate advantage to the Allies, would, in my opinión, bring, as a consequence, the operation in the Chaco, which gave a result so glorious to our arins. The emissaries sent by López to explore the ground had declared this operation utterly impossible. My confldence, however, was increased when I learnt that this arduous task had been entrusted to the brave General Argollo. "In the first days of December, I heard that our forces had crossed the River Paraguay and landed at San Antonio. On the 6th, the engagement at Itororo confirmed this news. I was not deceived by the announcement spread by the Paraguayans that our forces had been defeated, and the number of wounded brought back strengthenetl my suppositions, these exceeded 3,000, and the hospitals were crowded beyond measure, and my baroineter (the looks of the women) indicnted fair weather for our cause. " On the 11 th, the hattle of Avahy took place. At first I was greeted with 'the terrible riews—' The blnck men have been completely routcd ; ' but later on I learnt the truth. In an im provised ball of courtesans a woman told me that the Para- guayans had lost the action, leaving in our power all their artillery, that the rout had been complete, and only General Caballero had escaped, as in Tatayiba. The ball lasted but a short time, because the General, knowing that both the Para- guayan men and women had no inclination to dance,ordered the suspensión of festivities. "A panic spread in Lomas. Carts were got ready for the retreat. My hopes sunk within me, and I atv one time dreaded lest I should have to accompany the savages to the Cordillera. How often have I asked myself why is the enemy not pursued vigorously ? 71 " After the battle of Avahy an incident occurred which I raust not pass in silence. I was informed, if I mistake not, on the 12th of December, that the President of the Republic wanted to speak with me, and on account of this I rcceived someclothes (a pair of drawers and a shirt). In fact I was next day taken by Commandant Marco to the headquarters of the Commander-in- Chief; but we did not find the President, and Marco informed me that I should have to go again during the night. Fortu- nately, or unfortunately, it rained hard during the night, and I was not again called upon to renew my visit. On communi- cating to my companions the notice I had received, they expressed as much surprise as myself. It was indeed an extra- ordinary occurrence for a prisoner to go to López' quarters, and more so into bis presence. We made all kinds of conjectures, among others Major Versen said to me—'López wants to escape, and wishes to send you to the Marquis.' My interview with López not having taken place a report spread in the camp that it was with Madame Lynch, and not with López, with whom I was to have spoken. Be this as it may, this event had perhaps some important meaning. "On the 2lst Lomas was attacked, and I witnessed the fighting from the centre of the enemy's army. The attack lasted till the 27 th, when I managed to escape, with all my companions, eight in number."OONTKNTS. FAOB. Introduction, .... .... .... .... üi Official Documento of the Paraguayan Tyrant. Vice-President Sánchez' Letter to López, .... 2 López' Letter to his Mother, .... .... 10 Luis Baniberger's Letter to López, .... •••• 12 The Spy System, .... .... .... 16 Model of a List of Prisoners, .... .... 17 Punishments for not Acting as Spy, .... .... 19 Specimen of Paraguayan Beports, .... . ... • 21 Inquisitorial System, .... .... .... 22 The Form of López' Triáis, .... .... 30 System of Revenge, .... .... .... 37 The effects of Terror, .... .... .... 38 Barbarous Order about Desertion, .... .... 39 Documents explaining the de-Population of Paraguay, 41 Shooting for not Bising Early, .... .... 42 Horrible : Shooting for Talking and Flogging for Listeniug, 43 López' TaMets of Blood, .... .... .... 45 Abstract of Offieial Documents, .... .... 60 The Prisens of Paraguay. Official Declaration of a Brazilian Offlcer, .... 62 -Jívq aqj qsoj. jo dn poujtvi jnq jauosud .(b«b ijUBAjat» a^peu b ¿UIUIOO 'UOIVÜV A cu jara i q?£T ©qj IMA J.ii: psq HJJ\j pUlIOl pilB JJt %V 4q#pi *ssvd b _:¡.»s ■;•.! p 'ojuwpuMUiOQ aqj| »M ,tit'l|.» 'UOJOU ijxeu puv '"iu| -subo '%q3iu jwqj •AuBdmoo ano 0¡J jaiU J S£ IIO pHIIOll s a-»A0ii.»i|« : JOJ SSOfjd 1BIJJ OJOIII ílli pdAl( FO poi'jwaj ) Juoj ajo.il Bd B SBAi IOJ o,-;í$ Avd KM u.i\o SM| uvr ) spjw.w ÍOJ JrtAI.IJl "JJV 'SÍJVÜ iooh By„ simasiq jo 3vq ti . -} uajBddv • ijvuS-e}W1* b pus 'pooj ou p pim uacuoAi ubA « q-jife 3uopj *«>4 ?nd e»J3A\ oaí ubu 9f ?Bqi aoq o« oq? en 94 lusq; !(OOi ):.'! a;»2no| ou pino» *Bn spjBAio:j a3v pus *»aouB[ Jiaql SJadoOJ? ui:i,iv.vj .ii:.n m:* pwqsj-i pajsmBqxa eje a oj síi.q jno a'i:¡« puoaj uo (jdajs a ai tjqíf ano o", da .u.u» o. puB'joq Ajsa s8.1i sn a.iv3 pm: aío : ijbuSbjb,j 05 sa| aonwpqp oqj pB< 9JO» l'A\ *C|0J«U1 jq3non, j qaiqü eippes pus o[uui oü pinoqs a.tá Sui poB 'ejeuoeud n4 Di 811 PIO) ntiUi p.nvoaj oijav i ui sn áaiAvai 'Atuj qxeu a[.i >■.« peqi ÍBMJItM ! .lwu2v.lt! *T¡VUI O) SttSJOq 8 pappB ojj -2uiuj<| ub púas ppnojt aqj. h -qoiB^s |poB ')n4|a jamuins jo 2lll!|0JOf>9 Jjb jiaqj.no J< ip|ii, ■ JIJO 'BAvp aAH Jj JB pSlfBq iijnol" jiio A|no paiaj sjqiíni pos riB *puwn.-> Vf OJ ÍJOOJW OIU Ato» B q pnvqsnq \% pvq Oi(At IV puv OUl |oi|j* 'uopa IJOJBUI OJ IO OKIIOJOrj VIAS.** •aopa jk vs aqj ojb Jw pus s2iii 'uoi'jvaa'-j oqA\ asoq j .).)..:: isillt..) OI OOJ I1[B1 5Vqi stíAt aqi pun j 01 pa.wojp: diqw jvqix >[ oj Á'pvo.i emvo uop k va a* aí o u BtJ»,8vui Ara paud A. • aq» puB 'saauv^sr A[aeo[a ajo a in:|!-s ' u iBifb 8n joj qu^ jay-y -iiMop ua aesjB 'joojB A*aiu ••iiápt aBq? 2J0O] najp{iqo aaq pui| oamb oq ppuo[\\*\ IBoqoiBais UBqsnq A'j^ SOTO jt, jsouijn aqi "P<)'dt,on •Ai •AIBnoanKJimufs Biuiod jiio| 1110.1/ aáiqjlA aq^ Oijui i'oii'tf x.nv.Av,, UBipz «vjf[ aq? v.1 s e.ü ''jq2i]ap aiqv^Badsuu jno o? 1hiqi aq j jo 2uiajotn aqi uo m •suummom aq j ni joSunq jo qsuwl |fB X|qvqo.id p(noqsaA\ *5uaa» am. jr JHB8 eq 'joj '.íb-js 05 bo pesiApB ob|B i'po.ivtj jofwj^ puv 'baooi 04 «aapjo on pvq a* qwqj pai[d.>j aAV :os op oj au Wuisi.ipv -jnq 'sn SOJOJ oj sjopjo on pBq .íaqj 2uiA'b9 '.íuijb oqi niof 0} 2iiio^ íoti aja Ai 9a\ ji 3[ev oj Bítmi) aajq-j jo OAta auiva BSfda aqx "iq^iM: ssaplaeis b poKsvd a.ti qnn2nv qq^T •saids 8B jjaf sjaipjos «aj b puB 'paapBoiaj pvq equv -jiqvqui aqj jo amos ^ais aqj sapiwaq ¡ uomunfcv 3^ A"jBoaq!jodK nw n:»;xj_ pvq oqM 'ubiibít; nv 'a'pojbj .iof«j»¡; jo 9jbo lapun'aSBniA aqi ni jjois o0¿ "jnoqB !jjai zado'! ".CnuB aqi jo qajBm aqj aaqjB puiqacj 3jo¡ '¿>dnovB3 íjb »(doad qsii -ína" -Cjjoj aíoii ejaM ajaqi pav 'qjnoin aqj jo ísjg aqj o-j ?nqj pío ptiB 8aauB[ qjiM A'ptoni poinjB 's.v'oq ptiv nata 000'íJT uBqi Esa^ taquinu jou ppaoo joa.iaq^ uosujvK aqj 'vjjna -ü? ajvnoBAa 04 papaaoojd aaqi afi •eqjuorn jq2ra i^vj oq^j íín.jnp 'eoná popij amos-2oipti[oni 'aouai a jo t»aoa;d A'jxib nvqíj ajotu gtrjsro jsijb ';qifít aqj tío prnias.iB eqi dn a5p)jq »g; *bjj •nozv.jo 8jq8iaq aqj no vtu;« «,iq qjiik ?nq 'adnavBQ (jv aAi| ion pip zado^,, -8ijbj2 uoijtiajjB Á'jaAajaq pivd jnBjsiBSB p?r>L{>aai aqj qttq 'jsq aas oíj jjosimq eojoa ion ppioo aq i pniij A*jaA os[B si: ü ,t..!i ••!( [ *punój jaq 2n;jq oj Bijojuioo A'uvui su jnas oqA\ *qatiA"i atuBpBT\[ joj (jnq paip aABq naqj ¡.mu ojia» íjv -suoijb.i jnátnuaaA »<>>•) aqi pvq A[tic bal : Bjjojuioa jou BauBSsoaau jaqjif u Fti ejnaojd pjnoo Aanoat puB *an3v pnB WKn§ jopi AjdA psnaavoo <*j\* . vi auiijaBapg; ■Aauooi ndfd 111 Jl«q 'jaAjts tn JV«q si 3Bq?. 'ajojaq bb eniw vü a.\\ -o%o tionuva ¿.'iinfva 'jaqmij 2uij ■9O0 'iwt'.OBJB aqj jv uatuq«i|3a^[ .iaqjo q Jl.ti >|JOAi O} )SB sru [ adnOBBQ UJ,, •J83JOJ aqj ui qq3ui ano i>ajp?q a.«t pus 'jjnog -jip suiBjui.noi 011,j qSttoaqj pboj aq? jtiq 'jBajif Vj ja 3011 ni:ü aouBjsip aqx pdn;>BB3 jo ivnasJB aq? oj sn A"eA -uoa 01 %:*jn b '¡naw puv (08 10 psajs -ui) qjuotn « BJBtlOfl op 0% yaínü Ara n.tiop ?,na9onioi's¿)ja^epnpj -ata A'o[dTÜli SUPPLEMENT TO 1S A Y THE HRITISH SÜFFERERS IN PARAGUAY. BUENOS AYJIKS, WEDXKSDAY, SKPTKMHKK S, istü». AKIMVAL i »K 'I BH SUFFERBU& ACCOUNT OP TUi:iR CAPTIVITY. The Taraguy ani\< l M tbe — ">11* ultimo from AauntMon, having left tbat port un Saturduy, 3xOt utt., aud brmging most of tln> mean) npüvw that were expected hy IÍ.M.S CmrkiT. They uame under cburfce of UmMIMI Blount, wlio la*ga ua to ten^ty tu tbe extreme kindueas of tbe Cáptala of tbe Taraguy ajd tbe oouimiaai.ry, Don Hana«l DetAno. Sumo of ttte su florera were in a átate of great exhauatíon, but Lient. Blount uad a aupply of re- etorativea and atren^theiiing medi- cines proper for the oc<:a*ioti ; tbe ehildren, eapecialfy, were in a very re., dacedconditiou.and Bnoot of rhom will be aent to tbe üiitiab Hoapitai, where a ball baa beeu prepared tur i hci r rao oeption, ao it will '>■■ neoeaasary to put them under treatuieut for bohío tiiue before they can be aent boniato ng> land. It ta gratifylug to learu Chat Coont d*Ko diaplwyod evory kindueea to tbe uufortuuate people. They «ere líving at QaaaBOHaj ior tbn last eí^tii montba, BuBerin] terrible prn .ition», until i "> .■ abandonad Aaepwa and fled to tbe Sierra -i de Cuaguazú. Sume of the ehildren liad lo walk deven uulea barefoot, tül thei reaobed the Bra- Ktltan Linea. It la, however, bujorreel ta auppoae tbat l.opoz had any oí tboae •uffcrora detained at AhMIi The follnwing iaa liat of tbe Bi ittoh aabjecta braught in frtuu liie Mal of war, tak< n neur Vuletizuela and Cua- ca pe :— Pwcy Iturraü, Ayraa is Taraguy. il-i.rv Vnlpy, civil aogt , >ent to U. Ayraa IB Jimtr OhnriaaT-rit*, wuuir.g anginaar. «oni to Buen<« AytM ia Taraguay Oaorya Hilnt, engim-er. arnt t'> Burnoa Ayraa ia Tinrar Prnncia'rlpvay. -nvr.nr, aant lo B. Ayrtw >o ^ Cuarlaa Sohutt, amitL, Mut ta Bueno» Ayroa in Wjliinm Smith, bo¡W-m*kar, aant to H. Ayraa ia Tnraguy. John K'mI, aerrant, Mnt to Buc-noa Ayrea m Taraguy. Joaaph lloothby, boiler makrr, a*nt lo Bu-uoa Arrea ¡a Taragu*. Wimasa M.-CuMoct., anginner, Mat to Bu*dm Ayraa ia Taragniy Cha», Alaan, an-iitn, wnt to Bu.-oon Ayma Ío Taragwy. William EVlan. f-r-u «n of K»w mili, Mnt to Baanoa Ajm la Tara«uy. John Mott iW, aunar, S*nt to Btt«nu Avna ia Taiacnv, Oaoaga Tevaa. an«ii oor; raataiaed in Asun- t to Uuanoa Ayri i. f ¡atalayar, «rnt tr> ll'ian' Harrjr Prrt-r on.-ir ~ i, la Ta^aVnr. Joba Hiaktnbotton Ayrat to Bu^noi Ajina in Tara^my. Binfavrd Traat-r. ra»Vrr. at *•> H'iono* Ajroí ta Taaac'ir. WiUuua Kiad. builvr nU»r. Mt.t U BaraM AyTM ia Taramiy. Jamna Luatadm, «ng-iaaor, aent to ItuenM Ama in Turv'iv JaaaaalaUrlÍB,*«ain»«r. rMnain»! at A*.inntoa. iuuaatrd Haralkall, ^Tau«ktamaa, romaina*! al Janaa Catabridga. >-nCinaar. raanaii.»tJoa% aant lo Banana Ayr i ¡o Taraa^tv Mr>. Kliaabmb Thowna, widow, «rnt u> Bunio* Ayaaaia 'I'araajuy btra. kfary Aau Taylar, raannlaad at Aaaa- daa Miaa Hairit'tTarlot. rrmiined a>. Aatni.t. n. J 'I n U-*yi>iban, boy ayad 10* a*at Ui B. Ajm ia Tamatiy. Jofca D. Ratantrk, Kry affnd %, aant tu Bnanoa ATiaa ia Ta*n«uy Ktt.t ..<•> boy a«ad e. aant ta B Ay>aa i a Tntui PranaiaJ. walí*. boy agan1 S, *awl tu MrrMi Ayraa laTara^-uy. Oka* A. Onl'a». fcoy ac«HÍ 7. aant to Bu-noa Ati*»ím IVrtj'iiv WU'iam 1 1..,. . t-M 14, mat U B Ayraa iuTaraaruay JaaafA W Toman, boy agad 4, a*.ut ta P Ayraa ia Tara«ij. Koaalina Meynihati, (írl.afrad 7, aant to Hna- no» Avr*a in Tnranuy. KlianWth ^'utlar, prl.agad *, aaat to Baenoa Aynuj in Ta aguy. Morgnrwt 'l'honvaa, (irl, agad 9, aant to Buanoa Ayraíi tn Taratray. Kl.oa TJiobim. a;irl, agod 2, aant to Buanoa Avran ia Taratruy. I^avínin i'rana,' R¡rl, *¿at 12, aant to Buanoa v • - in Tnraftay. i%»%.ti-.* Taylor, boy. agad I, ramainad at Alanxu Taylor, bay. ap;t«d 4, ramainad at Aaan- Percy Taylor, b-íy. agad 1, raaaaínnd at Aaan- Kl.^U-ih B Naartan. ga*V agad 11, aant to Bucnoa Ayraa ia Taraituv Uaorga H. N«*ton. buy, agad t.aant to Buanoa Ayraa ib Tamgny. Harnb J. Nawton. girl, agad 0, aant to Bwu •■ Ayraa fa Taraguy. MHtthiaa Nowtoa, tnr. agad 6, ■ ■m ta Hnjnoa Ayraa in Taragny. Un. l o-tillo, romaina-i at Caacupa. unnbla U> traval. H. Pivim, Commanaer of H.H.8. Craekar On thearriva! of tbe «t«anier ye«- tertluy, l.ieutenant lílonntat once pro- ceednil to tbe Bñtinb Oonaalate. and Mr. Parish Arranged tbat tbe aafferera alinnld be rvceived ia tbe acbooUroom ( attnclied to the Baobab Cburcb. At j th«' uauae time, a cotntiiittee of fr»at1e* nieu, eompoaod of the Itev. Mr. Ford. Mr. Chao. Jaukaon, and tome otbera, oided by «orne En^linlt ladie», were in uttfndancr to dintrlbute clothuift' and iook aft«r tbe ofber proasint; retjuire- inenta of the oueaatou. Ür. Alaton van aleo preaent, bnt it aeema there is nocanae for anxiety about otber thau two or threechildren, who wdl, dout>t- leai*, como round after pro per treat* ment. The condition and apnearanoe of tbe aufleren* ia auoh aa to enlist tbe war mea t aympathy. and we are Riad to itv able t<> átate that *be <.)ouaal haa raiacnl a baüdnome aubaeription fur tbeir a&aiaiauce. Souie uf tbe >.< havealready befrnn to rea;1*'11 i.-tn w> r tbeir flirurea waated, tbeir banda bony, tbeir eyea aunken, and duep fnrrowa ncroaa theii ibrehead : tbeae, too, will, in a few daya, r«sx>ver Moh of tbeir wonted otren^tb and vi|>or* aa aoon aa they can got the ne«*waaary repoae. The women are in vaiioua oondiriona, aouie cara«woru aod dejected, uthera atill fray and cbeer- itil under al tbeir aorrowa: aome of them are widowa of Bneliabmeu who Afod in the war, and mauy bave reaidad aeveral yeara in Parajruay. Tbeir talea ni' aufferiiig and atlrenture are ot tbe rooat tbrillinn kind, and we ahall euil-avor to publlsh from tbefr «va \\¡»h a iiuniht-r ot intereat'nti narrotivea y ■ -u will enltat uaiveraal eyiupabby aud compaaaiou. Home of tbe auff*'rera are not in dea- tittition i for inatauce, Mnaara. Burrall aud Valpy, civil and inilitarj OUfii- ¡ net ra, wbo were eu^itued l>efi>re tbe tnw in cona.ructing tbe radway from Aauneiou to \ tila Rica. T ti ere are atill balf a dozen KuKliahtnen wbo volutitunly accorapany Lojx» aud bia PjfflKO iu tbn retreat to the Interior , they are Dr. Skiuner, wbu ranka aa * Oo'ouel ; Capt. Tbompa>n, wbo liflaa ^11 tbe ¿runa for Lopes , Mr. N< -lntt ubief ot ihe araeual; Mr. Uuutor, Mr. r.v>loi. juutor, aud Dr. Htewart'a aer- vant. Kver3 une Kp^aLa in the lujhe.it man- ner of tbe kinüueaa of Dr. Hkiuner.who aured m jat of tbo poor people froaa atarvatioo. bJBie of tbe refujcoea were of thoae wbotook abeliertanyear iu Mr.VVaab- burne'a houae, where they rematned iive moiitb* uuder the Auiencan dait. till ai'iit inlaiid. Mauy of tbem bare i.--.-waptulti Kaarkea and Lleut. Blount for iMOf ad mirable at ranjremento, and alan to Mr. <' uinal l'ariah, i tea. Mr. Ford, Mr. Gbarlea Jaokaon, tea. We bave aleo to meatinn that tbe moat aj tt-ag tn'r.reat haa beon talteo hy tbe Hoau'W.Stakaf», U.B.M. Mlniater; and ib-- pobltc may reet aaaored tbat tbo auflerera will 1>q well at tea dad to. ME- MILU»'» NAURATIVK. "I whi 2nd en^ineer oti boOfd tbe 2"i de Mayo la tbe moTitb of April 188S. VTe were lyiujr la tbe port of < 'ovn.-n tea, the conituandor hein^ J>- 0 trJoO Mazzini, and the chiei' en^i ueer an Iriabmaii uaiued ITttj 13th of April, wben we aaw, to our if> toniabuiMit, aix or aeveu ateamera come doarn the river. lallIJlagj. largo nuinber». of metí, with tbe PitrHiriii'yan fla»( flyins- They paased nn aod wenr t>oloiv tbe poiut, tben <;¡niif l>a».k aud bore dotru on na, tbe Ijyiirey niitiitn*r ínto oui paddle-box, aud tbe l'ara- iruayan* boardfufr ua in greitt niiin» bera. isome .10 of our erew, iuoat!y nativea, jnmped overlioard o mi were all drutrned or ab"t iu tbe water, ez- oept oue or two who aucceeded iu BwimmioK aabore. Tbe enemy on takitifr |H>aaeaai«in of our ahip, lotJted up the ertfiineera iu tbeir cainita, aud atter n ahort time we were HOintuonetl to the preaeueo of tbe captaiu of the Igurey, wbo a*ked Mr. Hain if he woold take cbarff** of tbe ateauier for< López, to whi.-b be refuaed. Tbf cni>- tain tben aabed me aud I conaeiited, wb<>reu|ion Mr. Jtain waa earried a' priaouei to I'aao ia Patria aud t henee sentoverland lo V.lla Franea. I after- «rarde iearned tbat he died hei'ore reaehiug that town, bol tbe ruannet of bia dealb ia not kno vn ; proltalily it waa ir* tn bardahip, although lie waa ia good health pr*»vioualv, aod nbout 40 yeara of age. I Wa« etnplOJOal fur fl momita in the 25 de Mayo, earryiiig troopa and aiumtmitimi t rom Aauncion to Ilumayta, until they tran-tferreil mo to the Rio Blanoo, anoiber steamer employ^l io tbe eame w»y. " lu May IH06 they aeut me to the antenal at Aauncion, wUere Mr.White-j head R~d hia ataff were eaatin^ can— non. a , fortbearmy. Two monthai later \r. Wbitebead committed aoi-' oiie, and tbe command fell to Mr. tiran', who alao died. in Beptember of the aane year. From tbia time. Mr. Neabitt, fortnerly ehiel engiceer of a war at**aroer, becatue bend man, con* tinuiofí all tbrough (he reat of tbe war to work the ataetial at Aatitieioti.being alded by aome twenty lOngliah uiechn- nioa, rraking camión and torpe*loea , tbeae Inat were under tbe auperviatou of Mr. Bell, who afterwarda died ol cholera at BTnmaita. " In February after the Rrazi- Kau flret bud fon*ed the paaaagn of Humaita. we thougbt tbere waa n chaoce of our ilelivery, andtook refuge with Mr. Waahburn at tbe American Legatiju in Aauneiou. '-Viten thia ■atylum waataken from ua, Mr. Newton aod I were aent to San Lorenxu, m ar Loque, and tbere kept in tbe ato< ka for aov->nty-one daya, itiitil I conaented to go .u-t aud wórv m the araenal at Aautic-ou. Ilere I remaiued tül the ond ot' the year, wh**u the battle of! Lomaa Valeutiuaa ol>>íged Lop*'/ to betaka blinaelf to the Sierran de As-1 curra, eetabliahing hia araenal at tbej nelgbl oring villnge of tjuaciiue. ** We made 0*) braaa eannoaa tvbile IjO(>ex heUl lita ca np at Am-liui, m- cliKltut; oO twelve-pountlera and Id rifleti *..eoea ; tbo rtfltug waa tlone by j Capta n Thomtteoo, who ia at p*eaeut| with LaaaM. Tbe guua were made ofi cburoti bella mil**! ap wit/i the Braai- llan can non • bul la whiuh we picked up, aear the linea. m On tbe oocaatnn of 11 . M . ■ Beta- coa arriviug at Humaita to leceive tbo Fngliab captivea. I aolicited per> mtaai< ti from t Jen Han bta to leave, twt he reJuaed me peri'iuptoril.v. í bave not hi-ard íor more tUan a year of ''ap* taiu Maazinl and tbe otlu-r aurvivora of tn abip : but it ia hki'ly they are •til! at aome píaos far fu tbe interior.*' Mr. Newton givea the fitUowing pur- tieulara of tbe oaae:—>lle carne out to l>araguay m 1S5H, untler a 7 year 'a contrae!, wbich expire«l juat after tbe war had brok< n out. lie waa a maater foonnarand bad a email touudiy uear the aracuAl of Anuuciou, «there be eaat eannon aud otber artiuh*a. Lio waa 1S ■nont.ta at Ibicuy, wben* hn caat the great guu Criolla aud 70 ama Ior, for wbfch be aeut López a bilí of 91,000, but ' mili not get pald He took leftige with Mr. Waahourn in Pah, aod waa | at in the atooke for 78 daya, tilt be reaaaaod work. At last he relired •orno ta ad tata ai neo to Tobaty, and there begao to till a patch of ground oont-iTiog to feed hintaelf and bia Ilt- tle childrt*n on tbe frmt of tbe i oi-im tren. Aftei tbe et-acuntion of A/our ra be aud bia cbitdieu ob«m afool te th«nthfd linea. Mr. Newioii'a In r of thf* hardeat. oaafa ol ftll, and ha la mi» arxiotiH to go borne to Ktiglaud, hotb anaaaacf and hia okUdron beiufr iu a very aiokly conditton. .Moat of ibe uietdiunlea Intenil re* tnaiuing in Buenoa Ayrea, aa ibev are ofl'eiod t;ood employuietit i the widowa aod oatMfoa wid ptoaVf gofnaj boom The engineer Miles clama Imu MM pay from the A • Government, to wbich we ooiixider he Is htlrly en- titleil, aooing tbat hia enteiiiu- the Purn^tiayau aervfce w,ta not hin free act, but mereíly done t<> aeve hi t tile. Aa rognrda bie rom rada HurJi AaJn, whoui he re|K>rta dend, we Imm that be aufely rea tbe interior. For the eoi.ve iience of tboao purtiea wbo may be unablo ko ham| u tbeir aubacriptions tu the iiini-li tJoaaal we ahall be glad to torward uuy suma entruated to un. 18. KDF.M'S STATKMBNT. Mr. Williain zWtm, a native ot Pit- eomb, &OHieiM4>t»liite, tormerlv lecidrnt in IjouiIou, autl at oue time eaap asaad iu Kuaaitt na fon-mau of * au -- uiill, atarea aa followa :— *• I waa engaged bv > i s. I ,, ISrtI. Ior a tena of 4 yeara, r> take cbarge uf aaaw-iiiill Ior tbn Coveru- ment in Paraguay. I itrriveit in \»un- •MM nt Jilly, uloug wirli two wo'neli <-oming out to tbeir hu-»uunda, and an engineer uaiued Forreater ; thit laat ' weut home aoon after. I waa put in [ el i arpe of the aaw-mill, m>tt tbe A rae- | nal, with nina native workuieu. Tbia i waa In tbe timo of Lo|iez I., whu waa a good ruler, treateal ua well, gave nal a bouae lu live iu, BMl pato me uiy wng.-a regularly, viz., #f.."*ii a month, | Olio balf ta ffold, tbe otber balf iu j paper dolí ara, equat in all to atamt £13 aterliug moutbly. My aaw mili aupplied ttmber *nr abipaand bnildiug , purpnava. On the deallt of oíd l*opex, I my poaitiou oontiaued the aatuo under | bia bou, tbe preaent ruler. "lmtueduuely after tbe bn akl i : out of tbe war u.y coutruct waa at iu> end and 1 oA'ereií to iaake a uew coutract for 2 yeara louger if they ga>ve UM an ¡ mi vanee of w age». To tbia 1 re-i\od uo reply, aud they atill ke|>t me to work aa be foro. About the c'oae of 1**>7, my coutract bavíng expirod 2| yeara previoua, they aeked me t > Mgu a uew coutract for 12 montba, wb.ub 1 refuaed, atating that m*v wife wita in very delicate bealth, aud I demiinded a paaaage borne tu Kuylaiid aa ia my (M>iitract. They kept me at wtuigeof Humaita, iu February IrtiW, [ took refuua aloug witb Mr. Watta. Mr. Newton, Mr. Mdea, and rb« widowe Mra. Cutler amt Mra. Tbomaa, at tbe I'niLed rJtatea la-gutiou. wbeie the Mluiater. Mr WitNhlntru. «ave ti* iree ludgiug and allowed hiaanrvanf tugo lo maiket for ua every iluy. Uern we n-maiuod, 5A moutba, during wbich time, the.Govoruinetit aeot OO>0a to M*k me if I aoutd go to the lati rior to work, whicb I refuaed. ** It waa at tina time tbat Lopea ehargetl Mr. Waalit'ntu and \ ■• Bliaa aud Maatermann with tlie pro teutleil conapirauy Vi bilí lum, whieb I Itoliere bad DO foundation wbatever. My wtTe uttended Mis. Wuahb ini du* ring ber voitllnriuent, aud uevt-r hoard of auything ot be kiad. Watt waa put to deuth for tbia conapirary : iie waa about tO yi-un of age, n i-ohor, ateatly man, and bad boefl «nuineer i>otb uboard ateamera aud la tbe arae- nal. " (>o Jnly 12th we were nrd* red out of tbe American Ied away with hf* arma bound. It appeara he 'vaa abot tbe followlng mouib, ua Dr. jSklnner atatea. Mr tVatta waa a wldower.aod eugaged to be uiatried to Mra. Keta- ■atok, u wulow, who wua generally ettlbd Mra. Wi.ttñ. Hhe ivaa aleepin'g nt O Alead*! houae, wben Watta wan lAkoB, :tnd be I ad not nvon tiru. to aeud ber bia keya. >*ext day abe ajakafl Miles «mi Newton Ui ope'n ber Imsliütid'« box, to get aomeclotbeaand Uioiiey, and tbia waa tbo : Henee for whicb we were all taken up. During our timo in th" atocka our fainiliee bad 'o foi'd na. I w.ia releaaed on tbo Mot e i day, becauae (bey fouud I bad i.ot opetied tbe lior, Mra Watta waa ;i vi catod am! Imlger) tn a room next tbe l'olicia, but allowed to go to the plaza for proviziona. ••At our fliat arrit al fn San Lorenzo we luid onlore not to enter any nativo hetiao, KOI to leave the vülage; nel- tlicr eoubl »• aeud a leí ter to anybody. Ptdwtaioua were ao deur that it often aaojl na 4 ilnllara fnr a dinuer for two peraona; aometimea we were three dnya Orthoot ment, aiid the acarcity of overvtbiii¿r "aa auub tbat we pald a dollar lot a aticb of mandioca about 4 InobOoloog, nutl a dollar for 3 stleka ol maíz**. We had not aeen toa or atigar for yeara, and all aucb tbioga are cot of i he mieation. In thia mana u. r we ur moat of tbe mouey we bad aarpat, rhe b*rd earued fruita of aeveral yeate* labor. * On Doo. All we were ordo red out of San ljorenzo at a tnomeot'a notioe, i.tir «iestiuation iieiug I'inlrebny,about M aiilea lolaail. beyond tbe Cordillera aud Lake of Ipacaray. We were 25 iluy» oti thejouroey : the flrat part wo wead al'out to Luque, atmut aix miles, tbeu by r .ilwav to Taonarál, aod bera we bud to hale ten daya In tbe rain and aun, wniting torearte, till tbe akln pealad off my wife'a face and tbe !■! lod . uní fiom u i lipa. Mra. Ootler .nd Mra. Tbomua were witb me, and tbeir ehUdroai anlfered ao mneb tbat tba akiu uame uff tbeir back, arma, and lace. Whil» waiiiug tur carta aro again got ordera to njove on at once, aavd pnabetl ititr way tbrough the Bwamp to tb" billa, about aix mi lea liiitber. A l araguayun wo ñau carríed our baoioa fot 10 dollara (eqnal te a(>nut jCs^ as lar ua 'he toot of tbe Cordillera, and here we eueumpett under a trae for Uve ni. bta, it raining all trio while, «nbout oooer food tban a llttle corn- eturch arMok 1 had witb na. Tbo widowa Cutler and Tbomaa were en* camped near my tamíly. •• Af length we got carta, and tbo ■tdowa aud ehildren having aet out tor t .im'Upé, 1 alarted witb my Win for* Pmbebuv. Tbe road throngb tko moiiniaiiia waa a mero traek, and wo bad to paaa anothur night tn tbe i o reat beatón r>-aehtng Aria, wbero I atopped raan Laya to roat, Havinir bired an- o' aet ••■n t and tmugbt a borae for my- aelf, I BOt on: for Piribobay, 20 mileo turiber ; we i td" tbe jouruey io two days, utui urrived at our deattuatloo abxrol taaa on4 of Deoomber. ístA. " The expenace of roy removal froaa San iAireuzo to Piríltehoy amounted to Ralla IM dollare. Piribaboy ia a aaaalt rUbagO, Um uxliuary popolatton being al.í.ut sin»-otila. bu> I fonnd tbe plaoo crowded wilh more ttiau teu tbouamud ■roaaeo uml cbildren, moat of thoaa Uwtog uml-T bi.lea and tbe branchea of trece. 1 COOrhl not oluain a bnt, bot toaaaa acaattor ia a 'galpón' belongtng to aaaaa aaltaaa. who treated me very kiiidly, iu return for uy wtfe'a elotb- tng; 1 bal brougbt a good atooh of tbia, and it nerved me mueb bettar tban monoy ; iu faut, L bartered moro thau citio'woi b from time to timo for maie, mantliocM, Jte. I] « i io waa very III, the vetna la ber lega baving opeued in three placeo; thia woaeaUBttl by ber walkiug tbroogb tbe water, and tbeu throngb tho bot aand. At tbe na me time T waa alao I nd up for a aiooth with fever and agne, and tood oí every kind waa ao aoaroa that two oíd men died ta tbo after tbeir aopply of bOOaO bud ruu out. I aaw four onrpeoa of men and women one day by tbo ir, all having died of bnnger. W'e II ved for 5 montna at Piribeboy in great bardabip. "Laat May Madama Lynch nomo to ber houae at Plriboby and my wife a ent to c-k her for aome aaaiatonoa- Sbg reoetveil my wite witb great too* B|.....aa, uní i: ber mine teo aod augar, and rcaretting tbat abe had uot be toro koown our aaffwrtnga. Bao promiaed to get me work ágata, and next day prevaded on López toonuatítrPFLEMENT TO THE BUENOS AYRBS STAWDAItD. Hospital, where wf are treated i theItBMl alten líou lid eomfoit.' plov BHk MinieterOi>\uiiiiOBmr.. down uiyvnitM to *>'► dolh.rs a uioutb (in steed ol . and wa*. a ca:t to oon- »Oy OH to tllO «i: ■ '! of CHHfUI»^. Tbe diatauca tM nol very greaf, MI tbe ruad tbion^h t ie inn-tniaiiia dif- I flculf, and we halted HM night bj tlu ; foreat. "Id Ommmpé I waa as* to work wilh ) nther Engllahmen ai tbe araaual, cuta tiug timber.caatini camión etc. "•'I. were paid our \rage* .-auie aa ladore. | ron cauin „Pi i wan d¡ reatad fts MÍ that M hall ia MM, hall in papcr | raaij lo Iravo, but tbey did iiot mv inuney. Meautniie m , wile <*outi......ti wh*j HU,p t waM| llljrw,ü j ultímate) V very ill of fever and .'gua, and inouey ■ allnwed tu leava; perhnpa tlie re a son coulrl procure ua U Mthfi ruT- Ks.i! m'h . p ,l|M, ,,„. „,¡i,t wi.L.wt were dutainad ñor comfort* ; we >nly batí tbe Go»IVM In¡lt |jeskb| ihought wi< ntgbt veruineut i alione. My wife must then | ,ajt too muoh uUiat hmi and bis dr- ama* died but for Nadante Lynch, wbo aent n* toany or infarta to hriug her round. l>r. Hki uier wns alao very k l ; be con Id i.ot comñ hiinaelt t. iib ¡ whow^ remiuiNccneca ol ['aia^nay ata i especial ly intcrcstliiff. Ileaiiy*— I vm (mm fal ÜNt í'ounty Wieklow MB*. cmtU'l Narbativk. abontthe year 1810, muí eut< red tbe '•I cama out to Paraguay in 1MB. ¡ militta when ouly II yeara of aire. My hii-t.und wmm chief euginoei* of tha { About tbe cío*» ol ibe l'runoau war. .HH'uuilr.tit H.ilro da fiuayra, and waHitnISffo, I enlistad in the Kasr. In lia. killod tu tbe Ügbt at<¡u rumba in Nov., I Compnny'* aervico, in a üght cavalry 189?, hmving ma witb two childreii, I ■••JÍ«*Bllt. I waé MMlMad IM« ti-nf onc 11 boy MOW nged 7, tb«> otbt*r a jrlr! ' Oab-utta, thfn ni. Allahnbttd, mihI 4 y¿ar» oíd- Wlii>n II.M H. Itea* ¡ at\«*rwtini« Kt Aftm and ITmbalkxb » ' tb** billy oouutry. At'rer J ytmri ibc "lu I-Vlii-iiBry, I waa oim of tliiMi- vito ux>k .< : lijt'.i: tbe Amorini L**«¡itii»lt, and tuy Hubscquent safti-r^ ii'^ - himI adreutureH at Han I»r«nxo aro ib«* Ka un- uh rehiU-'l voaturdav l>y Mr. Hilen. NWM me witp driven from tí>*n Lorfiijco oí. tbe ftth 1">« i>-mía»r. lHtí-H, lo inarrli i» tlu* interior, I joinod Mi~. Kden. wlio Mtad aa prol«ct«r both to ■M and Mi.i Watla [aliaa KetlJ%ni<*k,] wbo liad tfcree childr<*u with ber, lier ■'..... " .. in, ii> rn taketi und aht»t u low motitbn Ut'í'ore. We all wcnt .ifoot to Lbque, tbeiMe by rail to Ta- BMWSftj and berr remuined len daya .«ud niebla uuder r.iin und aun, abei- tfied ooly by treee, till we continiM'd our jourury anrona tbe awamp: we hulted at BM (oot of the mountama for tive daya, BtlU expoaed to tbe weutber, our • ■ liilüce-ii iiiivinjí all tbe akiu peeb'd ofl" tlit-ir ariim, baolc, and faoe by the Nmhtag Min, for it was in tbe deplb ot MHNf tt raioe«l heavdy every niiflit, aii added haat ludia fio. waa Inokeu up, 'be i waa jn*t coiné m from Ib-cuy. an.l i n,«t he wnnld Kive ua bora**a to make MM uettunf theircboiiM- ol bvla^- «ent 1 WBofed • aervaat. I went to lié biin, | tbe foumey to Paraenari railway borne or voluuteeri.nj! to Jota Bar Mu- tcllmp liim l v\aa an unt'oi tímate Irisb■ | atatíon. ¡••aty'a aervice. I did tbe latter and man, «tarriiiK <>n orninfe», and lookinp | Tba Princ-e marpbexl early next remained .t¿ yeara lonffcr MD my | for mnploy neiit. Ha w.lfl hií _lw., ¡ morning wil|, tb„ ftrmyi lei4V¡^ „, ÍD c.barfre of a cnlonel wbo treated my niaflfcx'a property in tba wag^on. wnlefa h-- aaid would tai quita aam. Afra. Taylor and ber ublldrea arrived at oicht, o'clock that ni^bt, havini? mude tbe joumey afoot, after the wagiroii liad broken down. After *up;> Hospital. Huntbiimp- I him for thn war. and ihat be would ton. wbere ' waa ■! moiitba timlerj taka inn oti trinj to mind hia hornea, nr«. bar, but the medical aaaiataut piutl herevnry uíteution gratis. **Ix»pc7. üid uot LJm at Oaaaopé, but witb bia ai m> ou tb» beighta of A/-cu- rra. Ba brt'ka up the araaaal mi tb*> ! li afiar caat.ui: more tbao aixty pieoea ofi-toiwii, ladodio^raaaaa rtdad Baña, dnruK tbo laat eigbt uiontba. lie tíieií protieedcd to evanuAte A«- curra, the tr^rriao" wbereot cnnld not Durabei lea» tban lo.uoo meu and boya, armad moatly witm lancea and oíd fllDt aaaaketa. Hu bad alao aotne bal t; houa of «ornen, and all lait Sad for bhe interior, takut); tbe «H Wtd war material with tbum. Wu bad re- oetTed our pay upto tbo nrat of tbo ii'outh, ard ibera were now forty üo».'- liali paople at Caacup^, left bebiud after tbe marcb of tbe anuy. liopaz lett ahout, 70" aick u the villutre.uiidei care of Major Parody, aii Itahan. wbo bad beau au apothe<-ary at Asunción ¡ boaieiice per day for I.S moufba l retorned to tba Co. Wioklow and rainaiupd A tnoiitba witb a ffeutlaman wbo kept 4 baulera, wbi'lb I cared. In IHftí I wt-nt (o ti. ,■ aa a autor and returaed t ■ Liverpool ln a ahip luden «itli titnticr I next «ailad for tbe ltrazila, au i. alter toncbin^ at IVmaralinco carne to Itio ■laiieyro, wbere 1 eutered the Braüiban aervioe aa a marine. In tbe het;iiiniug of S**ptcnitaundera moanted, I wa.4 • . ■ . lieíore the t*aptain of the port, wbo ¡ addroaai-ü mejn Bawltaa), ankiiifr wb. tlrnt g.vnig rnen$ hnjat■oaal broakfaat. We remained Iti Aauncioo 12 montba, jretting on very comfortably, wbile tl»a active oparattona were poinje on at ll ■ 1 Ourupaity. My maat*>r bad diHcuxcicd aaltpetre and aulpbar in varirnia parta of tba cotmtry, wilh wii. li tbe I 'arajrua.\ aaa made theii own cunpowder. Tow-ardr* fbe end of 1WV7 Mr. Twlte waa ordered to Sau Juau da Bueooa A y rea, avillane alwo.it lOti mi lea inlaod, wliare tbore «ere nal tjwit ra work a. lie dinwted nía te follow bim witb tbe ua abamefiilly. Tbia mau told ua were to be treated aa priaonara, and deniod uh bornea, aayinfr we uhould go aloot. I bad aold my mnle and aaddle for a aovereipn, with wbicb I boiight aonie biacuita for tbe tnarub. Wa were t h ree to oar kncoa in water ; at uipbt we atept on the er.ts . On tbe aecond «lay our lega Im u tu t.> iwaH,aBd we were exhauKted witb fatipite. Mr. Marabalt waa near wera ai x ■Bug bad no ordera to rana na, but ¡uh H tu to do ao. we rcplied that we bad no ordera to aove, and Major Parodv alao adviaed ua to atay, for, be aaid it we want, we abould prohably all pariab of hungwr iu tba mountaina. ** On tbe uornine of t ba lüth, to our nnapaakable deligbl, we aaw tbe Mra- zilian eavairy gallup into tbe viUajn from tonr poluta aiuiultaneoualy. W a wavad oar bata to th*m, then ran ntul graapad their liamN, whereupon tb<-y aaid—* Theaa pvopie muat be PrsaOB ur Kn^liab/and tbey treated ua kiudly, telliuit na ' , 1 hack to our homea and that a jruard would be given lo pro tac t ua Aboat 10 ».ru. Count d'Ku arrived with a brilliaiit alaff*. and rodé into ti" plaza: baving aent lor ua he ad ln atad ua in Knffliab, aakinf* our naoiea aud what bad lieoome ot laipez ? Hy t!r tima tbe Bnudinn»—borse, foot, and arttIUry—bad oeeup..-! tbe ]>laoet U> tbe Duoilicr of 10,000 or more. Au | carta, Mr. Edeu arrancad witb th< | eeember 26tb: we livad n.ider aotne oranfra tre«e for more thau a moutb, t .»> ¡t „• funine ! priaea for * little bt«ef or mandioca, | whenevt-r mcb aoulil be bad. It bap* ! |tened on >ew Year'e L>ay, 1860, that I met Ouj'onel Tbompaon, wbo waa abiefof Iji>|h' • Armoury, bavtnfr tor- nierly l>eeii an engineer in the Arse- nal ; he wa aatomabeil to aae me, and aaid be ■ n . . . I bad gone boue iu i tbe lieacoti : íie aaked me II I wanted tuouey, but I told him 1 atill hrui al little. He then cave Mra. Watt «.'io, | aqual in aboiit JC» aterling, aa abe waa ver> poor. He ha ''»tioiia. It ia imponaihle to lall tbe Taylor, and otbern, Tatt alao been 1 Ví»''i* »* auch kiudneaa, for tbay con- aaut an. I Mnuad tu Kupport ua till Aprll lat. **Oa tbe 10th Anutiir we aet out at . °" data I chancad to m*at qiiaation me aa if auapecitug me for a . aball. Tbe eulpbur.waa aentjl'rom the apy. He aaked me a coral deal ahout worka iu terciua tied on tbe backa of tba liraaila, nud what wm iny ide i I borawa. alwut tba chaneca of the war. I je-1 On tbe llth of Auguat my máster plied that I waa a BOOV nneilucai-d ; waa aumtnoued to t'aacupé, and 1 waa man, and could aay notbinir, m4re I i» droad tbat he might have fallen into tban tbat tbe Ilnutiliaita were buey diagraoe, wbicb would cauaa bira to be witb aotdiera and abipa for aarrymp l abot, like m> mauy othara. De waa, on the war. Ua naked tnc if I w.ir a . hnwevor, in goial apiriia, and cbeerfully tradeamau, to wbicb I atiawared in Ote j baile me Io->k after everything aa naaal, negativa, but 1 hat I ooiiht bandín a aa be expecLaU to returu in a couple of | brootn or look after boraen. (Jn i'ieldaya; bur be waa deatiued Itb day Muilainn Lynch waa drivitig i retan out in her carria^e, and aeemg me MM 'eudoil by ' we baa>rd \ tllage ot Znpucai, aud I ;k\é. Karly on the I !. we aaw Brazilian cavalry iu detacbed partías, ttumbar* ■ ng iu all abont 1 man: tbera were tío Paraguayan minera, wbo had lancea and aome ft-wjnatola and rinea. Tbay y lataVt orjrad Maraball to blow up tba worka but be aaid he would keep thetn atatid i faiutin?, hut tbe Braxilian trooikera ,»,tm:ta, but took tbem ! off, wbicb at nrat gave ua relief; tba \ grasa, bowever, waa ao bot tbat it palued ua exceedingtr. > On reacbfng Paragnari we were pat into nome open trucks, along witb a number of Paraimayan wnmen aud DhHdflM. W« had had no fbod, and a humane procer iti Parajroari, apparent- ly a Oerman, aent me a ha? of biacnita to d i atribute nmong our company. The trafn broka down tbat night, cana- inií na to sleep on the lina, and next day we reaehed Asunción, where ve were all led bcínre tbe 'Comandante, wbo cave Maraball and myaelf a paaa« port. Wa apant tbe night at Mr Taylor'a roffea houae, aud found afra Taylor aud ahildren bad arrived tba night bofore. ' On tba 17th I met my mnater at the railway atation, coming in from Caacope' with a native aervaat; the lattar was taben away prlaoner with Mr. Twfte's bag, but turnad up next dar. My maater lost tbe bag- aga in tba waggon that the RrazMiane aeized. Mr. Maraball remained with Mr Taylor. We were two dayaaboard IT M.8 Oracker, where we were treated with extraordinary kiadneaa by Capt. Ka w k aa and e very o n a on I >oard, t i 11 we were transhtp|ied to the Ta ragú y for Buenos Ayres. I hava 9380 in Parairuayan monev, but tba mouey- BJ to i'aran fíaged «orna waggona daya on iba San .ln.ui ilic Qaft ot' tba placa gav me poaaca:«ti»u of my maater*a bouae, aa bo waa l.croad Cas upa at «orne sali- ¡o-tra dlgginga. He reruruad in two otaya, and we remained at San Juan Hve w •«■, He waa again onlered to move, th^i time to V'alenzuela, where tba i*"w aulphur worít-houac^ had juat latan ooucluded. W« moved tba lug. tryman I was, I repln-d tbat I waa i gaga in wnggona, aud aettled at Valeu. ler- i noeia, wbvre we renu.inad two yeara, ' till our releaee from aaptU-lty. Uuring the dratw-nr tbing** were reaaonablc .•noug'h. a rlaak oí' caña coatiug ahout $111. In tbe aeoond year caña want up to 4'M. aad a bortla of mea) eo»t 910 Tbe Oo^crnuient cave an rations of beef and maize. but tha aecond year a o i. ■ I neitber máte ñor aalt. Tbere were *lx>ut 1O0 nativaa in tbe Valen- ' ueia worka, undar t^e direction of Mr. Twite and bia aasiatant Mr. Mar- off my bat to aalute bar abe drew np near me aa if to apeak to me, " Good evaoing, y our ladyahip," aaid I; ** I am proud to aae your lady- ahip, for I oftan beard tell of you ha— fore. 1 bnpe you are well.'* " I am quila well, tlctuk yon," aba raplied ; " aud what pan of tbe wor d do you come from ?** ** I am a rambliug Irishm laily'* — and then J told her adven tures. •• Well. I underatand tbe Prehid. is goiug to aend all iba 1 l¡ Ua ro.laoff Matlama r>uuh*«ears, aud I gatber ahout jCIO atei liug. abe «i-i,r ua at ttmaa aome tea aud Even ao mf poor waa droppM w found our- ci h fwsen^lhlv bctU-r. "Oatbelitbwe were all coureyed *>y rail"'n.Btrliij tbe kiudeat traasaaaat evaryabera . we foniol tSome tbrae I waeka la tai we were pul aiaatrd a i » aimwen Mra lay I orto pul ber two | «o-^ now a priaoner ot war at Piraya ateamcr and aent to Aauuoioii i tbere *»oxea alao Iu tba *oarreta-* I j|P> L-ttt»i O.K., arrived haré from wore ahout lOt» iu all, compnsing soné , Tha Brazihan bnraemen cama down | pirav„ ¡u ■ Satordar avauing, ia a ._ Brasiliana, Dutí-bmen, aud t^aptam ' ormg. and after tbe aeaond a bot I |mt ¡ roo„t wretcbe«l deplorable átate, aímuat uateil aiui ( A o (f uar, the day be fore we left Caá* Mansiuí and aome afcsglftaa flnnien ot up bu bau.l to aiKual tbem to atop i ¡ ,„ tnn |Bnt ataga ol atarvatio'n, and we_ ex pe. i. naad '•uh; tb« dootoraaM it died of acnrv v. I be 'Jó de Mayo a e.uner \W w»re h'I, tbey ncized u* and tbe waggou. where- lasrtactly daatitute. He waa imma- Watt's tlrkt bllalmud was ICaita- I |»nt at líherly axcepi Manxini and tba upon I átate*i tbat tha ha^-tifc la- .11 i'• ■ I v aoi.t n V.ivauil>er llth, 1407, baviiig ». .n I foand ruyaalf buufrry and almoht I aLtcnOcd by Jtbiud, wbo alao died ¡ uafced I» tbe atreata of A**uniou, for , of oouanmplion a tew mouiba latar at tbey bad afolan my p rncho ¡«boani t be ( Cnmji ' Oraudc. Mis. Wat ta has two ■ ataamer. I bud no moii'y, and. aft> r ... bula la».^a by ber tirat buaband. agad I walkiug about aome time, lay down to Lhjateiiaal 'iloor.t, of U. V .H ( ra. ker. | ■ -tiv , [x ■» «nd A yeara, alao her paaa iba uigbt iu an empty boaaa, arjr walting for ua at tb* atülion, hut «n-, atopain Kiancis Watts, aged 8 voara, only food bavinit bren twouiatigea. were. ao fatwjrd that we paaaed tb. Wbo ATO all iow ;if t be liritiab H.mpi. Neit. morning 1 waut, down to tbe ingbt wilh ib*> baapitablc Mr. Ta> lor, I tal, where we ara irealod iu tbe kiudeat 1 nver, butbad, and then ropaired to DM aud went aboanl tbe Otackav naxt raanner pcataible. I bava to repeat araenal, wbete I bnew aome Kngitah- niorning. No wordi can expresa tbe ( wb«t"Mr. K*U*n aaid aiaiut tbe invarla- : men war* at work. Mr. Ed*n. tbe k in.lneea we reat-ived froa> Captaiu j ble klpjdaaaa «e hava met from avery- I foreaaao sawyer, aud otbera, gave me Kuwfcc-a aud al] bis .•tHoef and man ¡ bod> ainoe an ijaUTIIJ from tbe'a Tew dollara and .He ¡ mh Ummm, (fuiiag «ur atay of :i day».. We were I capUvtty of Lupe*." Altar knocking abont bar loar «taya. I traualerrtal to Lbe Txrair.iy ou Satnr- —- ¡ niet wtib an American, Mr. l>nfflebi, ^ ■**,Ill"aT. aaib j f«r B. A; rea j JOtsv nuai.ií'm MABKinrB. who kept muías and hack coaehna ; h>> i sama day i tb>* napt.ila and pstraar I Amoug tbt ea,itivm rerantly arrived kítiarak'*t l were very jfiKtil to u#- My wife uso», | frorn Asunción is an Inahmaii nama*l } me to make a boi-se-pond. I Inbored BJUTIaH BDFKERERS PARAGUAY. Tbey diroeted na to proveed to the Capilla, abont! p^¡,7r fallo Ji leaguea olT. and prodiled our mulea , BfWr „ with their ¡ancas : Mra Taylor and | ulred vestorday morning i hddren ramainml witb the waggou, " « bich Hroke down half a league lar-1 ^ litar; the Rraziliaaa fall iu with al little la»y wbo waa eo m i ii ir from I ta» euary. the tolcfrtaph atation, witb a antren despatolt in Mpamab to Mr Maraball. directiug him to blow up the «orka, and aend all iba minera to Caa~ cuja*: ibey did tiot bnrt tha boy, Bot aaotber ¡I . ■.• abnl tn ta* foot, and the3- bandaired tbe wouud after makiog bim priaouer. On raaobinc tba Capilla wa were ao- l coste*! by a French ir*atleman, wbo i i irned out to Im tba <¿ouimaudor-in* f i biaf, Coant d'l'u; bo aaked «aa was bopetesa, and, leal of suflartug, ae as- Biliutn. or tbe *aa4 Mr. J. F...... . uto ., .11...... .. aoo ., J£. X>....... .. 100 .. n. w.. .. loo ., B. tt....... .. 100 ., M. S. . .. aoo ,. J. B. M . . . 100 th*nk <*'HÍ' arat»«ua mitad fa*t. and a.i i Joba >'oala. wboae Ufe baa been aa ad.l Tery bai d undar tbe bol aun, wilhonc | Kagltab wbo we ware, aud at what are aU Umi cbildceu and wiue: s at tbo 1 * eoturoua «no from bia boyhood, and ' a chao ge of clolb.utf, nud sle«piag at j work we bad beau. 1 apoke to bim ,. Jobn r>uüer, Mra. M. R.,_____ y